Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Karthikeyan Kaliyappan,
Ph.D scholar,
Energy Conversion and Storage Processing Lab,
Chonnam National University,
Gwangju.
What is Supercapacitors (SC)
Capacitance
C = ε o ε r A/d
Double layer is generated when a voltage is applied to electro
des in an electrolyte
The charge separation occurs in molecular dimensions (few
nanometers) resulting in extremely large capacitance
Activated carbon with high surface area (2000 m2/g)
Properties of supercapacitors compared with batteries and
traditional capacitors
Weight 1 to 10 g 1 to 2 g 1 g to over 10 kg
Comparison of Various Energy systems
Advantages
Very high cell voltages possible
High power density
No special charging circuits
required
Can be charged and discharged
in seconds
Long cycle life
No chemical reactions
10 to12 years life
Classification of Supercapacitors
Need for Hybrid Supercapacitor
HEVs requires energy storage devices that can deliver higher
power density as well as higher energy densities
Environmental Friendly
Better thermal properties
Competitive energy density
Low cost
Relatively high lithium-ion mobility
Preparation of Li2MSiO4 (M=Fe and Mn)
LiOH Mn2O3 or FeC2O4 SiO2
Adipic Acid
Solid State method
Pre calcination at 400 oC Bulk production
for 4h in air
Easy to handle
Li2FeSiO4
Orthorhombic unit cell in space
group Pmn2 typical of phases with the
low temperature Li3PO4 structure type
Li2MnSiO4 The two compounds are isostructural
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
2θ (degree)
Li2MnSiO4 – 150 nm
SEM Images
(a (b
) )
(a) - Li2FeSiO4
(b) - Li2MnSiO4
3
Current (mA)
Current (mA)
0 a 0 a
b
b c
c -3
-3 d
d
-6
-6
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Voltage (V) Voltage (V)
CV test was employed to find out the capacitive performance of the material
• Voltage window - 0-3 V
• Scan rates – 2, 5, 10 and 20 mV/s
The rectangular-like behavior revels that both have good capacitive behavior and
high reversibility
The curve remains in good rectangular like shape even at high scan rates
Specific capacitance I = Applied current (A)
S – Scan Rate (mV/s)
CSC = I/s*m
M – weight of the active
material
5 42.6 5 64.13
10 40.8 10 48.07
20 36.2 20 38.15
Charge Discharge Characteristics
Li2FeSiO4/AC Cell 3 Li2MnSiO4/AC Cell
3
2 2
Voltage (V)
Voltage (V)
1 1
0 0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 0 2500 5000 7500 10000
Time (sec) Time (s)
1 1 43.2
2 2 34.8
4 4 33.5
6 6 32
8 8 30.6
10 10 30
Resistance (Ω) 58 Resistance (Ω) 70
120 120
Li2MnSiO4/AC Cell Li2FeSiO4/AC Cell
100 100
100 100
80 80
60 60
60 60
40 40 40 40
20 20 20 20
0 0 (b)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Cycle Number Cycle Number
Columbic Efficiency (%) More then 99.5 Columbic Efficiency More then 99.5
(%)
Li2FeSiO4/AC Cell Li2MnSiO4/AC Cell
43 300
41 600
40 900
38 1200
37 1500
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Li2MnSiO4/AC Cell Li2FeSiO4/AC Cell
20
12
15
9
-Z ima (ohm)
-Z ima (ohm)
10
6
5
3
0 0
10 20 30 40 50 5 10 15 20
Zreal (ohm ) Zreal (ohm)
Li2MnSiO4/AC Cell 56
Conclusion
Nano sized low cost, less toxic materials Li2MSiO4
(M = Fe and Mn) have been developed for hybrid
supercapacitor application.
Hybrid EC capacitors gives about 43.2 and 49.5 F/g
specific capacitance based on the electrode active-
material in 1 M LiPF6 in EC:DMC
Delivered high Specific energy and Specific power
then conventional EDLC.
Both system exhibited excellent cycling performance
(more then 1000 cycles) with more then 99.5%
efficiency