A notice is written in order to inform people or pupils (in a

school) about an event or an activity. It could be about a

competition, an exhibition or inauguration to take place in
near future. Or any other activity especially in school like an
excursion, a meeting or a show.
NOTICE:


SCHOOL NAME
Notice

Date and day


BODY OF THE NOTICE

From..
Name and designation along wid signature.




NAME OF THE INSTITUTION

Notice
Date
HEADING


BODY OF THE NOTICE
Date
Day
Venue




Name
Designation


Format of a notice
Notice can use capital letters for details such as names of
organisations ,captions ,an important detail with in the message itself.
The date of the notice can be placed at the top left corner.
The entire content of the notice is centered within the box
The individuals responsible for issuing the notice indicates the name
below the signature, followed by their designation.
Add only necessary details like date, place and time.
Do not add any extra information.
Word limit should not be exceed (50 words ).




Points To Remember
EXAMPLES
Students Council
St.Francis Sr.Secondary School,Bangalore

NOTICE

15,Dec,2011
Golden Jubilee Celebrations

You will be glad to know that the Students Council of your school has invited the
world famous Bolshoi, Ballet troupe of Russia to give its performance on 25
th
of
December 2011 at 6 p.m. in the school auditorium on the occasion of its Golden
Jubilee Celebrations. The entry will be free for the students of the school. They
can invite their friends and parents only after obtaining entry-passes from the
undersigned by 20
th
December,2003.Children below ten years will not be allowed.

Rohit
President
Students Council
1.You are Rohit .As President of the students council of St.Francis Sr. Secondary School,
Bangalore, you have invited a visiting Russian Ballet troupe to give a performance in your
school on the occasion of its Golden Jubilee Celebrations. Write a notice in about 50 words
informing the students about this event.

Fine Arts Club
Happy Child Public School, Jamshedpur

NOTICE
5,Nov,2011
Painting Competition


The Fine Arts Club ,Happy Child Public School, Jamshedpur is holding the fifth Nand
Lal Memorial On-the-Spot Inter School Painting Competition on the lawns of the
school on Sunday, the 5
th
of November,2011.Only students recommended by the
Principals of their respective schools will be considered for the entry. The names
must reach the undersigned by 28
th
of October,2011.

Secretary
Fine Arts Club
2. You are the secretary of Fine Arts Club of your school. You want to organize an Inter-School
On-the-Spot Painting Competition at your school. Write a notice inviting the names of the
recommended students from different schools of Delhi.

It is a written piece of communication whose purpose /aim is
to give information.

Format of a circular
Name of the institution
Address
CIRCULAR

Reference No. Date
Salutation

Body(in paragraph or points)


Name
Designation

Points To Remember
EXAMPLES
1. Wellims Convent School ,Dehradun is organizing a cultural exchange trip to Japan during
the in winter break order enhance students exposure to the culture and rich heritage of
Japan. 25% of the travel and food expenses will be done by school on behalf of the
organizer of the cultural committee of your school. Draft a circular to be sent to the
parents given the information or details about the trip ,invent other details.
Wellims Convent School
Dehradun
CIRCULAR
Ref.no: wcs/1/2011 Date: 23/11/2011
Dear Parents,

This is to inform about a cultural exchange trip to Japan during winter break in order to enhance
studentss exposure to the culture and rich heritage of Japan.25% travel and food expenses will
be paid by school itself .You just have to pay Rs 20,000.Students will be taken on schools risk
from 20
th
may,2011 to 30
th
may,2011.It will be a fun and educational trip.

Megha
Organizer (Cultural Committee)






2.The sky cable T.V. is increased monthly charges to 300 per month in your locality
(patparganj) from 1
st
of october . Write a circular informing the residence of your locality to
pay the new charges and to avail best services. You are prachi/pranav ,cable T.V. operator.

Sky Cable T.V.
patparganj
CIRCULAR
















Ref. No.
26 april,2001
Dear residents
Your reliable cable T.V. network is introducing advanced services from the following month. We
are installing HD picture quality and more number of services herewith. Inorder to avail this
opportunity you have to pay Rs 300/month. We promised to give you the best of services. Kindly
pay the new charges timely.

Pranav
Cable T.V. Operator



An advertisement is a very powerful medium which is
deliberately used to influence the minds ,tastes and even
motives of the masses. It is an announcement made through
a popular medium that reaches the maximum number of
people .Newspapers ,magazines ,T.V. ,radio and the cinema
are extensively used by the corporate world ,commercial
establishments and government and social institutions for
various purposes.
Points To Remember
Advertisements should be attractive and eye catching.
It should be comprehensive though brief and carefully worded.
It must contain the advertisers name and address.
Use adjectives to make advertisements more attractive.
Visuals and slogans may appear on poster / bigger space
advertisements.
All classified ads have a definite word limit and appear under set
headings such as situation vacant, matrimonial, sale and purchase,
property, education,etc.
EXAMPLES
1. You are sumita running a telephone booth in the central market, Bhopal. Give a suitable
advertisement for a telephone operator in Situation Vacant column of Bhopal Times,
offering attractive remuneration.
Situation Vacant

Wanted a young telephone operator for a telephone booth in the central market, Bhopal.Only
smart boys and girls in the age group of 17 to 25 and with good communication skills will be
considered. Remuneration best in the industry.Ranjan,15 Central Market,Bhopal.Phone:
2234687.

2. You want to let out a portion of your house. Draft a suitable advertisement giving
Details to be published in the column of a newspaper.



Available, a separate portion of a newly constructed bungalow on 700 sq metres
in greater kailash, Three bed rooms ,attached baths ,drawing dining kitchen, puja
room and car parking .Rent expected around Rs 15000 p.m .Only central government
Gazetted odficers, neede contact: N.M. Mehta A-17,Greater Kailash, New Delhi or
Phone : 26578954.
Posters are notices, advertisements and invitations all in
one . Hence , good posters recapture and recreate the basic
moods and styles of all these three means of communication.
Points To Remember
A Poster should be so designed as can be put up at a public place. A
good poster must catch the attention of the passers by.
Striking designs and ornate work are two important features of good
posters.
In posters bold and capital letters should be used.
There need not be many details in a poster .Only important issues
should be highlighted through catchy phrases, slogans or tempting and
inviting languages.
EXAMPLES
1.Write out a poster to announce a fete to be held in your school .You may use slogans .
ANNOUNCEMENT
FETE
By the students of
St.JOSEPH SCHOOL,RANCHI
On
March 31,from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm
at
SCHOOL CAMPUS


Entry by Tickets

Students- Rs 5 ( on showing their identity cards)
General- Rs 10
2.Design a poster for promoting cleanliness in the surroundings of your colony.

Remember:-
Standing water breeds mosquitoes.
Mosquitoes spread Malaria.
Every tenth child in India is asthmatic.
Pollution and Dust cause Respiratory Diseases.
Contaminated water causes Cholera.
A healthy body resists all Diseases.
Trees give out oxygen and bring rain.







Cleanliness is Godliness

Secretary
Keep Clean Club
Invitations form an important part of human intercourse or
social dealings between individuals or human groups . In a
civilized society an invitation takes the form of a request in
which an individual is requested to come or go somewhere ,
or to do something.
It can be either formal or informal invitations.

Format Of Invitations
Formal Invitation
The Principal and the staff
Of
ABC Public School, address

Cordially invite you to the
Venue, day, date ,time

Name of Chief Guest
will be the chief guest

R.S.V.P
Phone number
Designation


Points To Remember
Formal invitations dont include the names of addressees.
In such cases ,where a V.I.P is invited to preside over a function ,the
name of that V.I.P appears prominently in such formal invitations.
The length of formal or informal invitation should not exceed 50
words.
The style or tone of the informal invitations is relaxed and informal.
EXAMPLES
1.You are a student of Neelgiri Public School,Ooty .The school is holding its annual function .
Write an invitation on behalf of the Principal of your school inviting the important persons of
the town to attend the function to be held on November 12,2011 at 10:00am.
The Principal and the staff
Of
Neelgiri Public School
Ooty

Request your benign presence
On the auspicious occasion
Of

THE ANNUAL FUNCTION
Of the school
At 10.00 am on November 12,2011

Shri R.K Shriniwasan,I.A.S
will be the chief guest and will give away the prizes to the students

R.S.V.P
Principal
Neelgiri Public School,Ooty
2.Draft an invitation on behalf of Mr. and Mrs. Tarla of 21 Sector-14,Bhopal, which they may use
To invite their friends and relatives on the birth anniversary of their son Neeraj at their
residence on November 3,2011.
Mr. and Mrs. Tarla
Request the pleasure of your benign presence
On the auspicious occasion of the

BIRTHDAY CELEBRATIONS
Of
their son
NEERAJ
At their residence

21,sector-14, Bhopal
At 3.30 p.m
On
November 3,2011

R.S.V.P
Mr & Mrs. Tarla

Letter writing is one of the most indispensable of modern
society .Commerce trade ,official correspondence, public
representations and complaints and other dealings and
communications with the people are conducted through
letters.

Letter types include:-

1. Business Letters
Letters of enquiry/asking for information
Replying to enquiries/giving information
Placing orders and sending replies
Cancelling orders

2. Official Letters
Letters for complaints
Making Enquiries
Letter Making Requests /Appeals

3. Letters to the Editor
Giving suggestions on an issue
Giving suggestions on an issue already raised in an article/write-up/in a published
letter

4. Letter of application
Applications for jobs
Format of Formal Letter

Senders Address

The Date

The Name and Address of the Addressee

Salutation

Subject


The Body /Content of the Letter


The complimentary Close (Yours Faithfully, Yours Sincerely)

Signature
Format of Informal Letter

The Name and Address of the Addressee

The Date

Salutation

The Body /Content of the Letter


The complimentary Close (Yours Faithfully, Yours Sincerely)

Signature
EXAMPLES
You are Lili of Holy caravan Public School, Jhansi. You are selected by your state to represent
your state at the National Athletes Meet. Write a Formal letter to your principal requesting
him/her to grant you the permission to attend the school one hour late for a fortnight as you
have to attend the athletics coaching.
The principal
Holy caravan Public School
Jhansi
20 Dec 2011
Subject : Permission to attend the school one hour late.

Sir
I am a student of xii A of Holy caravan Public School, Jhansi. You will be glad to know that I have
been selected by the state of UP to represent it at the national athletics meet. The athletics
meet will be held at Bhopal from 15
th
to 30
th
Jan 2011.It is a great honor for me and my
institution. But it needs an intensive coaching and training before I can compete with the best
athletes in India. I am receiving coaching from a professional club in the morning. I cant attend
the school at 8 am. I have to be at the club up to 8:30 am. Kindly allow me to attend the school
one hour late for a fortnight . I promise to give best of my performance at the national athletics
meet . If I keep up my present form , I shall return with medal from Bhopal. I hope you will grant
me this favor & oblige.

Yours Faithfully
Lili


You are Rami, staying in Room no. 311, Kaveri Hostel, Delhi university. Write a
letter to your mother at Chandigarh telling her about your hostel life.
Room no. 311
Kaveri Hostel
Delhi University
20 Dec 2011

My dear Momma
I hope this letter will end all your worries about my stay away from you and home. There is
absolutely no difficulty in the hostel. Now the days of initial introduction are over. Every body is
having a fine time here. I have a very fine boy as my room mate. We help each other and live
like brothers.

The food served is good. It is not much different from what I ate at home. If any thing, there is
greatest variety. The dining hall is clean and spacious. Our warden takes good care of each of us.
Not only this , there is provision for both outdoor & indoor sports. I take part in them regularly.

I am doing fine here. Please do not worry about me.

With Love
Your loving son
Rami

It is a long piece of composition , it may be descriptive or
argumentative. It can be for newspaper or school magazine .
In articles we can give our own ideas or views on a particular
topic or issue in our own language.

Points To Remember
Study carefully the hints or points given in the verbal input .

Develop each point in a systematic and logical manner.

The length of the article should not exceed 200 words.

It is always better to divide or arrange your article into suitable
paragraphs.

Always use simple and grammatically correct language.

Article should be meaningful ,brief and to the point.

Transport in India
Transport in India is going through a rapid transition. Cars still provide less than 10% of
all passenger kilometres, and public transport (rail and bus) about two-thirds. Car sales
however are now growing by about 30% a year, showing that incomes in India are at the
tipping point of car ownership. Car ownership is projected to grow from less than 10
million now to about 100 million in 2030. In addition there is a strong growth in motorbike
ownership: 17% annual growth between 1990 and 2000 and an estimated increase to
about 300 million motorbikes in 2030. Public transport is loosing ground because of lack
of quality and traffic congestion. Serious air pollution from traffic, increasing oil imports,
and one of the highest rates of road traffic accidents complete the picture. Several policy
initiatives have been developed to counter this trend: the National Urban Transport
Policy, a combination of city planning, building metro and modern bus systems,
providing dedicated space for public transport and introducing parking fees; the National
Auto Fuel Policy, promoting cleaner fuels such as Compressed Natural Gas; and the
Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission, to provide cities with funding for structural
changes in city planning. Analysis of what these policies can mean in moving towards a
more sustainable transport system shows that transport energy use could be 30% lower
than in a scenario without policy, a reduction equivalent to all of the transport energy
used in India today. It also would lead to retaining a share of public transport of about
60% of all passenger travel, which would be an enormous contribution to creating
liveable cities.
Chinas building boom
China is currently adding about 2 billion square meters of building floor
space every year, about half for residential and half for commercial
buildings, a growth rate of about 7%. Most of these new buildings are in
cities. An important driver for the increase in residential buildings is the
official government target of increasing the living space per urban person
to 35m2 by 2020 and the trend towards smaller households. Building
codes were introduced in 1986, revised in 1995, differentiated according
to climate, and revised again in 2006. Compliance with building codes is
poor: from 60% in the North to 8% in the South. The buildings sector
used about 35% of total primary energy (in 2005, two-thirds from
traditional biomass. This is expected to be only about one-third in 2030.
Natural gas and electricity use in the buildings sector are expected to
grow by about 6% per year till 2030. Natural gas supply to cities for
household use is a government priority. Heating, cooling, and appliances
are the biggest energy consumers. About 80% of urban households own
an air conditioner now and almost all urban households have a
refrigerator, a washing machine, and one or more televisions. Appliances
are generally less efficient than comparable European models. Policies
on efficiency standards for appliances and phasing out of residential
electricity subsidies are in place.

EXAMPLES
Reporting of an event or incident needs a great
communication skill . Correspondents of all leading
newspapers form a vast network whose job is only to send
reports of important events or incidents to the news
agencies. Written reports are permanent records of events.

Format of a report


TOPIC
Place
Date



Body of the Report
Points To Remember
Mention the place , date ,time and other relevant facts .
It should contain first hand information about the incident ,
occurrences or event.
It should be simple, spontaneous, graphic and factual description.
The word limit of report should not exceed 100 words.


EXAMPLES

























































































































1.You are an eye witness to a road accident resulting in loss of human life and
property. As a press-reporter of national herald write a report in about 100 words.

A Road Accident

Lucknow : 20
th
march,2003.National Herald News Service. Lucknow is no more a safe city .
Various accidents are reported everyday on the roads of the city . The horrible road accident
that took away two innocent lives yesterday is just. An addition to the long list. A school bus
collided with an oil tanker coming from the opposite direction . The accident took place near
Hazrat Ganj Police Station . The driver of the bus lost control of the speeding bus . The driver of
the oil tanker tried to take a sharp turn . There was toppled over. The oil tanker caught fire .
Most of the children were saved. But the conductor and a school boy died on the spot .Ten
students received minor injuries .They were admitted to a nearby hospital. The fire brigade
arrived within ten minutes. But the oil flown onto the road caught fire. The loss ran into
thousands of rupees.



2.Write a report on the widespread damage to public property and loss of human lives during
a communal riot in your area

Communal Riot

I live in a lane near Turkman gate in the walled city . Generally , people are friendly and
cooperative to another. But sometimes just a rumour can cause havoc and may lead to a
communal riot. Last Sunday an ordinary incident provided such an excuse. A known bad
character of the area Anil passed some indecent remarks on a young women named Zeenat
Begum .This lead to a violent protest from the member of the other community. Some sensible
and responsible member of both the communities condemned the incident. But the mischief-
mongers soon dominated the scene. The area became the battle ground between the members
of the two communities. There was a free use of bricks , bottle , missiles and fire arms from both
the sides. About 50 shops were put to flames. Stabbing and firing incidence took away the lives
of two innocent people. Only the flag march of the army could put down the riot and instill
safety and security into the minds of people.