Tutorial Task

Source for information related to What a writer needs to know

(prerequisites to writing). Compile your information into the
following categories:
Conventions
Thinking Skills
Organisational Skills
Value Systems
Mechanics
The Writing Process

Conventions

Courtesy to the reader, making writing easier to read
by putting it in a form that the reader expects and is
comfortable with.
surface features of writing mechanics, usage, and
sentence formation
spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar

Thinking Skills

enable writer to create new knowledge rather
that simply reporting on what already exists.
aware of assumptions and generalizations that
have been made about the topic in the past.
heightened awareness of fallacies, missing
information and contradictions.
Questioning, researching, analyzing, assessing
Organizational Skills

the structural framework for that writing
provides readers with a framework to help
them fulfil their expectations for the text.
logical progression and completeness of ideas
in a text.
a. The chronological order of the dates of the
events, or
b. The relative importance of the events.

Value System
Values are our ideas about how things should
be, i.e. the ideals we hope to strive for. Values
can be divided into desirable life goals (e.g.
happiness or success) and guiding principles
(e.g. hard working or honesty).
Values could also be ranked in importance
from morally crucial, like honesty and freedom
and justice, to slight non-moral preferences,
like a kind of music or style of dress we prefer.
Important of Value System:
As a guidance
As motivation and inspirations, energy
Construct morality
Change ones morality and value through
emotional and rational development.
Philosophy of life
Mechanics
Mechanics is the term we use to
describe the technical aspects of
writing, such as spelling,
punctuation, capitalization, etc.
Capitalization
Contractions
Gerunds and Participles
Number and Numerals
Pronouns
Technical Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Units
of Measurement
Punctuation
What to capitalize:
Proper Nouns
Letters of many Abbreviations and Acronyms
First Letter of the first word
How to do contractions are:
Never use to emphasize negative
Never create your own contractions
Avoid adding s for is or has-confused
with possessive constructions.
Make sure antecedent is clear
To use gerunds and participles sure it is not
ambiguous. A participle based on a verb end
with ing or -ed and functions as an
adjective. Gerund- based on a verb and end
with ing but used as noun
Number and Numerals
To count cardinal numbers
Sequence ordinal numbers
Pronouns:
Avoid indefinite pronouns especially at the
beginning. (it = this)
Technical Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Units of Measurement.
No Latin abbreviations (etc.)
Write name before abbreviations
No acronyms and abbreviation in plural form if trade marks
Standard abbreviations for units of measurement.
Punctuation.
1. Apostrophe
2. Brackets
3. Colon
4. Comma
5. Dash (Em Dash) (En Dash)
6. Ellipsis Point
7. Exclamation Point
8. Hyphen
9. Parentheses
10. Period
11. Quatation Marks
12. Semi Colon
13. Slash
Writing Process
Need to understand the important of writing
process = to integrate their knowledge and ideas
into their essays and organised essays.
Create reflective, clear and coherent text.
Elements:
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Writing
4. Editing and Revising
Planning

1. refers to the use of a deliberate and
organized approach includes a writers first
thoughts or basic ideas about the topic.
2. To avoid students who struggle with writing
which generally do not plan ahead; rather,
they compose their text as they write.
3. During the planning process, students
should ask themselves who their readers will
be and what the essays purpose is.
4. Planning ahead helps students to form more
complete thoughts and to produce more
cohesive essays.

Organizing

1. Once students have formulated their writing plans,
it is time to organize their thoughts. During this step
of the writing process, students will:
Elaborate on the ideas that were generated for
them during the planning process
Determine what information, if any, is still
needed in order to fill in the gaps
Gather that information
Arrange their ideas so that they flow together
and make sense

Writing
1. In the initial writing stage, students will produce
a rough draft .This initial writing phase requires
students to coordinate ongoing cognitive
demands, such as:
Combining planned ideas with new thoughts
Remembering the purpose of the paper
Using appropriate grammar rules
Considering the intended audience

Editing and Revising
Students need to learn that writing is a process
that requires them to apply editing marks as
they revise their essays. The revising stage,
however, may also require changes in content or
organization.

Editing
During the editing stages of the writing
process, students will:
Check their grammar
Check their spelling
Check their punctuation
Ask whether their ideas are clear
Ask whether their purpose has been
met

Self-editing: When a student edits his or her
own paper, he or she should read it aloud and
listen to its flow and choice of words. He or
she should also listen to hear whether any
words have been left out.
Peer-editing: By contrast, when a peer edits a
paper, he or she may be able to more easily
point out areas that are difficult to
understand. Collaboration with a peer allows a
student to gain additional insight through
examining his or her own peer-edited paper,
editing the peers paper, and sharing ideas
and opinions.

Revising
Revising allows the writer to consider the
content, quality, and clarity of his or her
composition. When students revise their work,
they should look at the editing suggestions made
by their teachers and peers, and that they
themselves arrived at during self-editing, to
determine how the edits and comments can help
to improve their papers. For example, they might:
Utilize comments and suggestions
Rearrange the order of the text
Make corrections
Expand ideas
Rewrite their papers