LOGO

JJ615 MECHANICAL
COMPONENTS &
MAINTENANCE

CHAPTER 2
LUBRICATION




PREPAREDE BY:
MD NAJIP BIN TALIBIN

Course Learning Outcomes
1
2
4

.
Upon completion of this course, students should be
able to:

Classify clearly the basic concept of mechanical
components.
Contents

Lubrication Principle.
1

Fluid Management.

2

Lubrication Protection.

3
4
4

Lubricating Devices & System.
4
5

Lubricating Program Plan & Implementation.

Lubrication Principle
1
2
4
1
12-4
To reduce friction between any two
relatively moving or sliding
surfaces by the interposition
of a lubricant between them.
LUBRICATION
Lubrication Principle
1
2
4
1
12-5
What is Lubrication?
Lubrication is the act of applying lubricants and
lubrication substances which are capable of
reducing friction between moving mechanical
parts
Metal Substrate
Metal Substrate
Lubrication Principle
1
2
4
1
12-6
Types of Lubrication
Fluid or Hydrodynamic Lubrication
Thin Film or Boundary Lubrication
Extreme Pressure Lubrication
Lubrication Principle
1
2
4
1
12-7
Hydrodynamic
Here a thick film of a
lubricating oil is interposed
between sliding surfaces to
avoid direct metal to metal
contact
Extreme Pressure
In this case machines operate
at high pressure and high
temperature and speed hence,
ordinary lubricants cannot stick
to metal surface so additives
which are organic compounds
containing sulphur chlorine
and phophate
1
Lubrication Principle
1
Lubrication Principle
Types of Lubricants
Solid Lubricants
Semi-solid Lubricants
Liquid Lubricants
Emulsion Lubricants
1
Lubrication Principle
Properties Of Lubricants
Viscosity Index
Oiliness
Volatility
Flashand Fire Point
Cloud Point And Pour Point
Emulsification
Carbon Residue
Aniline Point
Saponification Number
1
Lubrication Principle
Viscosity Index
The viscosity index (V.I.) of an oil is a number
that indicates the effect of temperature changes
on the viscosity of the oil. A low V.I.
signifies relatively large change of viscosity
With changes
of temperature. In other words, the oil becom
es extremely thin at high temperatures and
extremely thick at low temperatures. On the other
hand, a
high V.I. signifies relatively little change in
viscosity over a wide temperature range.
12
Motor Oil Characteristics
Oil Viscosity/SAE
Ease which oil flows
S.A.E Rating (Society of Automotive Engineers)

Service Rating/API

Oil Quality
A.P.I. (American Petroleum Institute)

Other Fluids & Lubricants


1
Lubrication Principle
Lubrication Principle
1
2
4
1
12-14
Asperities - Formidable
All surfaces, no matter how smooth they may
appear to the unaided eye, when sufficiently
magnified are rough and uneven. This
unevenness is know as asperities.

Asperities
Lubrication Principle
1
2
4
1
12-15
3 Common Types of Wear as a Result of Friction
Surface Roughness
Denting Affect
(1) ABRASIVE WEAR
(2) ADHESION
(3) SURFACE FATIGUE
Weld Junctions
Stress Risers
Cutting away
*High pressure pump
*Bearings
*Gears
*Rings & cylinders
*Valves
*Seals
Lubrication Principle
1
2
4
1
12-16
Tribology
Since the late 1960s the field of Tribology the study of
friction, wear and lubrication in fluid systems - has
developed sophisticated tests to gain much knowledge into
the effects of friction and ways to reduce friction in order
to reduce wear, heat and particle contamination.
Lubrication Principle
1
2
4
1
12-17
Friction and heat cause the destruction of asperities
resulting in metal particles interrupting the oil film
between two surfaces generating more particles

These particles react with moisture, impurities and
lubricant additives creating corrosive acids that
further pit the surface creating new asperities

These acids oxidize the lubricant, accelerate wear
and rapidly deteriorate the functions of the lubricant
resulting in the 3-common wears in the fluid system

The Problem
Lubrication Principle
1
2
4
1
12-18
1) Friction Reduction
2) Seal
3) Heat removal
4) Cleanse
5) Absorb Shock
Fluid Management
1
2
4
2
12-19

Apply four essential components in a fluid
management program.

a. Selection and purchase of lubrication
b. Lubrication monitoring during use
c. Lubricant maintenance using processing
d. Refortification techniques
e. Disposal of the spent lubricant.
Lubrication Protection
1
2
4
3
12-20

Organize lubrication protection in term of location
and personal, facilities for handling container,
lighting, bulk storage, and fire protection.
Lubricating Devices & System
1
2
4
4
12-21

2.4.1 Evaluate effectiveness lubricate such as select
right lubricant type, place, amount and time to use.

2.4.2 Choose suitable lubricating devices system
based on equipment or mechanical components.
Lubricating Program Plan &
Implementation
1
2
4
5
12-22

2.5.1 Determine lubricating program.

a.The plant lubrication survey.
b.Establishment of lubrication schedules and
improvements in selection and application of
lubrication.
c.Lubrication analysis

2.5.2 Identify activities required