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Topic:
Atomic Physics
Presenter:
Adnan Mirza
Facilitator:
Afsheen Khalil
Agenda
o Introduction
o History
o Achievements
o Theories
o Disadvantages
o Conclusion
Introduction
Atomic physics (or
atom physics) is the field
of physics that studies
atoms as isolated
systems comprised of
electrons and an atomic
nucleus. It is primarily
concerned with the
arrangement of electrons
around the nucleus and
the processes by which
these arrangements
change.
Introduction
The term atomic physics is often
associated with nuclear power and nuclear
bombs, due to the synonymous use of
atomic and nuclear in standard English.
However, physicists distinguish between
atomic physics - which deals with the atom
as a system of electron(s) and a nucleus -
and nuclear physics - which considers
atomic nuclei alone.
Atom
o Atom is the smallest particle of an
element.
o Atoms are made up of 3 types of particles
electrons, protons and neutrons.
o These particles have different properties.
Hydrogen Deuterium
Atomic Mass = 1 Atomic Mass = 2
Atomic Number = 1 Atomic Number = 1
History
The earliest steps towards atomic physics
was the recognition that matter was
composed of atoms, in the modern sense
of the basic unit of a chemical element .
This theory was developed by the British
chemist and physicist John Dalton in the
18th century.
History
o The true beginning of atomic physics is marked
by the discovery of spectral lines and attempts to
describe the phenomenon, most notably by
Joseph von Fraunhofer. The study of these lines
led to the Bohr atom model and to the birth of
quantum mechanics itself. In seeking to explain
atomic spectra an entirely new mathematical
model of matter was revealed.
o Since the Second World War , both theoretical
and experimental fields have advanced at a
great pace.
Early Models of Atoms
The theory:
Thomson “jellybean”
model of the atom.
The positive charge
occupies most of the
volume of the atom.
Charged particles shot
at this atom should be
deflected slightly as
they pass through.
Early Models of Atoms
The Experiment (Rutherford):