the

LITERATURE
of science.
by Robert Perry
LITERATURE
Copyrights:
Robert Perry
zalophus@ucla.edu
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Thank you,
Presentation outline:
1- What is scientific literature?
2- What is a scientific journal?
3- What is peer-review?
4- How does publishing relate to
scientific careers?
5- What is a review of literature?
6- What are primary, secondary, and
tertiary sources in science?
7- What does this all mean for your
own research report?
What is
scientific
LITERATURE ?
1.
Scientific LITERATURE is
anything published about a
field of science. It ranges from
very technical sources to popular
magazines, science TV shows
and web sites.
What is a JOURNAL ?
2.
The most important medium of
communication in the sciences is
the peer reviewed journal.
Scientific journals publish articles
which summarize original
research by expert scientists
in a specific field.
Some examples of scientific journals:
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
APPLIED OPTICS
AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING
AQUACULTURE
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
AQUATIC BOTANY
AQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE & FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLGIE
ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY & SOCIOBIOLOGY
BIO SYSTEMS
BIOCHEMICAL & BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS & ECOLOGY
BIOCHEMISTRY
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA
BIOFOULING
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
BOTANICA MARINA
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
CHEMISTRY & ECOLOGY
CHEMOSPHERE
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES = SCIENTIA ATMOSPHERICA SINICA
CLADISTICS
CLIMATE DYNAMICS
CLIMATIC CHANGE
COASTAL ENGINEERING
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY & PHYSIOLOGY.
COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY & PETROLOGY
CRETACEOUS RESEARCH
CURRENT ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES & OCEANS
EARTH & PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
EARTH OBSERVATION & REMOTE SENSING
ARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
THE JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH GROUP
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
ECLOGAE GEOLOGICAE HELVETIAE : JOURNAL OF THE SWISS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
EMBO JOURNAL
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
ENVIRONMENTAL SOFTWARE
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY
ESTUARINE, COASTAL & SHELF SCIENCE
ETHOLOGY
EUROPEAN METEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN = EUROPAISCHER WETTERBERICHT
FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
FISHERIES RESEARCH : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON FISHERIES SCIENCE
FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
GENE
GEOARCHAEOLOGY
GEOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
GEODERMA
GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMOIR
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA SPECIAL PAPERS
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON JOURNAL
GEOLOGY OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN
GEOMORPHOLOGY
GEOPHYSICAL & ASTROPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
GEOTHERMICS
GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE & OCEAN SYSTEM
HYDROBIOLOGIA
INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS & MINING SCIENCES
INTERNATIONALE REVUE DER GESAMTEN HYDROBIOLOGIE
JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC & SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH PARTS S & M
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES & APPLICATIONS
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY & ECOLOGY
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION
JOURNAL OF GEODESY
JOURNAL OF GEODYNAMICS
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH A--E
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
JOURNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY
JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY
JOURNAL OF MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH
JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS
JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY
JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
Etc.
In Life Sciences, there are over
9,000 different journals world-
wide. Each year these journals
publish over 500,000 articles
reporting work done in this
branch of science.
1.
The on-going
research
process
Propose
Research
1.
The on-going
research
process
Propose
Research
1.
2.
The on-going
research
process
$$
Grant
Propose
Research
Conduct
Research
1.
2.
3.
The on-going
research
process
$$
Grant
Propose
Research
Conduct
Research
P U B L I S H
Journal Article
1.
2.
3.
4.
The on-going
research
process
$$
Grant
Examples of journal articles:
The most important medium of
communication in the sciences is
the peer reviewed journal.
What is
meant by
the PEER REVIEW
process ?
3.
PEER REVIEW is an organized
method for evaluating scientific
work which is used by scientists to
certify the correctness of
procedures, establish the plausibility
of results, and allocate scarce
resources such as journal space,
research funds, recognitions and
special honors.
PEER REVIEW is the defining
characteristic of scholarly scientific
journals.
A review board or referee board
must study, scrutinize and try to
find any errors in a proposed article
before is is accepted for publication
in a scientific journal.
Propose
Research
$$
Grant
Conduct
Research
P U B L I S H
Journal Article
1.
2.
3.
4.
PRV
PRV
PRV = PEER
REVIEW
How do peer
reviewed journal
articles relate to
scientific careers ?
4.
Journal articles are the end product
of scientific research.
Publishing
articles is what
research
scientists DO .
If you do not
publish articles
then you are
not a research
scientist.
old saying:
publish or
perish
What is a
literature review ?
5.
A literature review is usually part of
the Introduction to a journal article.
The Introduction
... tells the history behind the research
decribed in the article. The review
of literature is the story of the research
findings of the past that led up to
the current project.

... states the scientific purpose,
explaining what the research will
accomplish.
The lit. review is a summary of all the
relevant previously published articles.
Articles cited in the Introduction
are referenced in the Bibliography.
Articles
referenced in the
Bibliography
are cited in the
Introduction.
What are
primary sources
secondary sources
& tertiary sources
of scientific literature ?
6.
primary sources
Scientific
journals are
primary sources
of literature.
secondary sources
- Abstracts.
- Review series.
Reviews and abstracts
are published periodically
to present an organized
summary of all the journal
articles that have come out
in a specific field and within
a specific time frame.
tertiary sources
- Science magazines

- Newspapers

- TV shows

- Web sites

- Nature videos

- Textbooks
What will does
review of literature
mean for your
Beach Research Project
? ? ?
7.
Your long term
research report
is modeled
after a journal
article !
Title
Name(s)
Introduction
Materials
(page 2)
Abstract:
(some journals ask
the author to abstract
his/her own article)
Your Title
Your Name
Your
Introduction
Your
Materials
Your Intro will summarize each of
the articles you read. It will
summarize how they
relate to the purpose and
the results of your long term
research this year.
Each article you read must be
cited using the authors last name
and the date his work was
published.

Each article you read must be
cited using the authors last name
and the date his work was
published.

Summary:
1- What is scientific literature?
2- What is a scientific journal?
3- What is peer-review?
4- How does publishing relate to
scientific careers?
5- What is a review of literature?
6- What are primary, secondary, and
tertiary sources in science?
7- What does this all mean for your
own research report?
THE
END