"Something hidden.

Go and find it.

Go and look behind the Ranges
Something lost behind the Ranges.
Lost and waiting for you. Go!"



Rudyard Kipling - The Explorer
Using Buckles Plots to Aid Log
Analysis
By Kenneth Chaivre
Wednesday June 25, 2008
PROBLEMS WITH ROUTINE LOG
ANALYSIS

High Sw wells may produce gas with very little or no
water
Low Sw wells produce water or fail to produce.
Similar looking wells produce differently.
Leads to Changing m and n
Review of R. S. Buckles Paper - 1965
Part of Volumetric Calculation is * (1-SW)
* (1-SW) = *SW
Buckles showed that * SW irr is a constant
( * SW is the Buckles Number
or Bulk Volume Water)
For Hand Calculations Constant is a quick and
easy way to calculate * (1-SW)

Showed that * SW is related to grain size.



BUCKLES PLOT
Transition
SWirr
Transition
Low Perm
High Perm
Parameters for Plot
BVW vs Grain Size and Lithology
Uses of the Buckles Plot
Identify Swirr Zones for Analysis
i.e. Calculate Capillary Pressure
Identify One Type of Low Resistivity Pay
Identify Stratigraphic Flow Units
Environments of Deposition


Calculations with Swirr
If Swirr is Known and
If Permeability (k) can be estimated then
Capillary Pressure (Pc) can be estimated
Pc= (19.5*Swirr^-1.7)*(k/100*Phie)^-0.45
Height Above Free Water (H) can be
calculated
H= (.35 for gas)*(Pc)
H= (.7 for medium oil) * (Pc)
Capillary Pressure
Pore Throat Radius (r) can be calculated
r = (108.1) / Pc

Winland r35 Values delineate commercial
hydrocarbon reservoirs
R35 = 5.395 * ((K^0.588)/(100*PHIE^0.864))
R35 < 0.5m (microns) Tight
R35 > 0.5m (microns) Will Flow
BUCKLES IN PRACTICE

DEPTH TO FREE WATER
Structure Carthage CVS G
ZONES SELECTED FOR H free water
MAUDE #13
ZONES FOR DEPTH TO FREE WATER
RESULTS OF DEPTH TO FREE
WATER
FREE WATER - CVS G
200 400 FT DOWNDIP
Low Resistivity Pay Zones

very fined grained rocks have high bound
water
ASHTON 2 UNIT #10 CVS F
ASHTON 2 UNIT #10 CVS F
BUCKLES
BVW 0.049

RESULTS - 677mcf & 8.6 bw

STARR CO - FROST FIELD
STARR CO-VXBG
STARR CO - VXBG
STARR CO VXBG - NOT PERFD
STARR CO VXBG NOT PERFD
IDENTIFY FLOW UNITS
PETER 2 UNIT #10 CVS F
PETER 2 UNIT #10 CVS F
COTTON VALLEY FIELD
Webster Parish, Louisiana
FIRST BANK OF PD - S Sarepta Field
FIRST BANK OF PD
17 BCF
CLEMONS UTZ GRAY
CLEMONS UTZ GRAY
CLEMONS 1
ST
GRAY
CLEMONS 1
ST
GRAY
CLEMONS - UTZ VS 1
ST
GRAY
UTZ
1
ST
GRAY
CLEMONS 3RD GRAY
Thin Beds
CARTHAGE FIELD
ENVIRONMENTS OF DEPOSITION
CARTHAGE - TYPE LOG
Porosity PHI vs. Water Saturation Sw - Cotton Valley Sand Zone C,D,F,G
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
11%
30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75%
Pay Avg Water Saturation Sw, %
P
a
y

A
v
g

P
o
r
o
s
i
t
y

P
H
I
,

%
PHI vs. Sw -CVC PHI vs. Sw - CVG
PHI vs. Sw - CVF PHI vs. Sw - CVD
From Xindi Wang
CARTHAGE CVS G Structure
CARTHAGE BVW G with Structure
Blue 0.02 Red 0.04
Late Cotton Valley Time
Cotton Valley Sand
Wave reworked
deltaic shoreline.
Fine grained
argillaceous
sandstones

CARTHAGE BVW G with Structure
Blue 0.02 Red 0.04
MAUDE #4 LOG
MAUDE #4
CALLOW #9 LOG
CALLOW #9
MAUDE #4 CALLOW #9
CVS G Qgas vs BVW
BVW
Qgas from
Production Logs
Fewer points
Channel? In
area of poorer
production.
RESULTS IN CARTHAGE FIELD
Perfing more and better zones
Better Frac and completion techniques
Qgas vs Time
Qwtr vs Time
TIME VS BW/MCF
CONCLUSIONS
Useful in Establishing Capillary Pressure
o Use several equations to find depth to free water
Differentiate Between Zones that Look Alike
on Logs but Produce Differently.
o Help Establish Sw Cutoffs
o Different Rocks need Different Cutoffs
Suggests Environment of Deposition
Makes You Ask Questions

REFERENCES
Buckles, R. S., 1965, Correlating and Averaging Connate Water Saturation
Data: The Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, v. 5, p.42 -252

Aguilera, R., 2002, Incorporating capillary pressure, pore throat aperture radii,
height above free-water table and Winland r35 values on Pickett plots: AAPG
Bulletin V86 No. 4 p. 605-624

Doveton, J. H., 1994, Graphical Techniques for the Analysis and display of
Logging Information: Chapter 2 Vol CA 2: p 23-46 Geologic Log Analysis Using
Computer Methods

Doveton, J. H., 1999, Integrated Petrophysical Methods for the Analysis of
Reservoir Microarchitechure a Kansas Chester Sandstone Case Study: AAPG
1999 Midcontinent Section, Transactions, Geoscience for the 21
st
Century

PfEFFEER Concepts: http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Gemini/Help/Pfeffer-theory

Asquith, G. and Gibson C., 1983, Basic Well Log Analysis for Geologists: p.98
THANKS
Xindi Wang
Christy Demel
Pat Noon
Matt Pickrel
Randy Nesvold
QUESTIONS