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SAP
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Amplify Department of
Information Technology
What is Data?
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
What is Database?
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
A database is a collection of data
that is organized so that its
contents can easily be accessed,
managed and updated.
Eg:
Student Faculty
Subject Books
Subject_allocation
Stream course
Marks
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
Hospital Database
Doctors
Patient
Equipments Employees
Duties Batch
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
Enterprise Database
Employees Materials
Customers
Vendors
Sales Order
Purchase Order
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
What is DBMS?
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
Applications of DBMS
Banking: for customers information, accounts, loans and
banking transactions
Airlines: for reservations and schedule information
Universities: for student information, course registration and
grades
Credits and transactions: for purchases on credit card and
generating monthly bills, maintaining balances
Finance
Sales
Online retailers
Manufacturing
Human resources
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
What is RDBMS?
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
What is SQL?
SQL stands for Structured Query Language
SQL allows you to access a database
SQL is an ANSI standard computer language
SQL can execute queries against a database
SQL can retrieve data from a database
SQL can insert new records in a database
SQL can delete records from a database
SQL can update records in a database
SQL is easy to learn
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
SQL commands are divided into 4
category
SQL commands
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
DDL
Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are
used to define the database structure or schema.
Some examples are:
CREATE - to create objects in the database
ALTER - alters the structure of the database
DROP - delete objects from the database
TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all
spaces allocated for the records are removed
COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary
RENAME - rename an object
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
DML
Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements
are used for managing data within schema
objects.
Some examples:
SELECT - retrieve data from the a database
INSERT - insert data into a table
UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space
for the records remain
MERGE - UPSERT operation (insert or update)
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
DCL
Data Control Language (DCL)
statements. Some examples:
GRANT - gives user's access
privileges to database.
REVOKE - withdraw access
privileges given with the GRANT
command.
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
TCL
Transaction Control (TCL) statements are used
to manage the changes made by DML
statements.
It allows statements to be grouped together
into logical transactions.
Some Examples are:
COMMIT - save work done
SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to
which you can later roll back
ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the
last COMMIT
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology