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Circuit breaker testing New Approach

Thomas Renaudin
SEEEI conference
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Circuit Breaker Testing
>
Circuit Breakers Design and standards
Tests on Circuit Breakers
CIBANO 500
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Basically a circuit breaker is an automatically
operated electrical switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or
short circuit. ts basic function is to immediately
discontinue electrical flow.
Definition of Circuit Breaker
deal switch!
closed open
" # $ % " # &%
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'urpose of Circuit Breakers in 'ower (ystems
>
)inimi*e losses in closed position
>
+pen and close on command
>
+pen or close a circuit to connect
the power to,from the transmission
line
-+ . break/ C . make0
>
+pen a circuit for planned
maintenance -+ . break0
>
+pen a circuit at system fault to
protect the system behind the
circuit breaker -+ break/ +.C
reclose/ +.C+/ auto.reclose0
>
solate between poles/ open
contacts and earth
1
Busbar
Disconnector
Circuit Breaker
Power
Transformer
1Circuit Breaker
Network
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Circuit Breaker Components
Source: ABB, !"S0#$
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A: interru%ter c&amber
B: insu'ate( su%%ort co'umn
C: su%%ort structure
D: centra' cubica'
): wirin*
+: o%eratin* mec&anism
Source: Siemens
Circuit Breaker Components
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(tandards AN(
> C,#-0./0111
> Stan(ar( ratin*s (efine(
> C,#-02/3000
> Sc&e(u'e of %referre( ratin*s
> C,#-01/0111
> T4%e tests
> !outine tests
> C,#-050, C,#-053,
I))) 21,
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(tandards 2C
> I)C 233#0/000, 3000
> T4%e, routine 6 fie'( tests
> Timin* (efinitions
> 7ui(e for se'ection an(
s%ecification
> I)C 2021., 3000
> Norma' ser8ice
con(itions
> Sc&e(u'e of %referre(
ratin*s
> A'titu(e correction
> I)C 20.3#, I)C 20505,
I)C 20531, I)C 20022,
I)C 203,,
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2C . timing definition
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Circuit Breaker Testing
Circuit Breakers 9 Desi*n an( stan(ar(s
>
Tests on Circuit Breakers
CIBANO 500
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3hat is usually needed to test breakers
Timin*
Ana'4:er
;< / =eter
CB Su%%'4
> !ewirin* for eac& test
> In(i8i(ua' ;</=easurement for eac& interru%ter
> Co''ect (ata for test re%ort
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4. )inimum pick.up test
5. (tatic resistance or contact resistance test -6+hm0
7. Timing of main and au1iliary contacts
a. different operations -+/ C/ +C/ C+/ +C+/ C+C+/ +C+C+/...0
b. undervoltage test
c. coil currents
8. )otor current
9. Contact travel -motion0 of main contacts
:. Dynamic contact resistance -D")0
Typical tests on circuit breakers
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4. )inimum 'ick.up Test
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4. )inimum 'ick.up Test
>
ndicates the lowest voltage to operate the trip or
close coil
>
(tart at a certain voltage level
>
Try to operate
>
f not working increase voltage and try again
>
"amp the voltage pulse until minimum voltage is
reached with which the circuit breaker switches
>
2verybody has a ;selfmade< solution for this test
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5. Contact "esistance Test
Con8entiona' Setu%
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5. Contact "esistance Test
>
Test is performed with a 6+hm.)eter
>
A lot of different test devices on the market -weight/
handling/ output current and accuracy0
>
n=ect a high current
>
)easurement of a small voltage in a noisy
environment
>
>se 8.wire techni?ue to connect
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7a. Timing Test
>
Connect to all main contacts
>
Connect to trip @ close coil
>
Aoltage supply re?uired
Time/consumin* an(
error/%rone
Con8entiona' Setu%
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7a. Timing Test . )easured Aalues
O%en Time, C'ose Time, Contact S%rea(, P&ase S%rea(, Tri%/+ree Time, !ec'ose Time
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7b. Timing undervoltage condition
>
Coils are normally driven by station battery
>
3hat happens if battery condition is not the best
>
'erform a test with reduced supply voltage -e.g. B$
C0
>
Check times for under voltage
>
does it work anyhow
>
are there any delays compared to nominal voltageD
>
)easure the overall times and compare to
manufacturer values
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7c. Coil Current
>
mportant tool in circuit breaker analysis
>
Detect potential problems in actuating coils
>
"eveal information on power supply
>
Comparison is best method of analysis
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8. )otor Current
>
Connect source
to charging motor
or use current
clamp
>
Check charging
times and
charging currents
>
Compare with
previous
measurements
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9. Contact Travel
Pa*e 33 > O=IC!ON
+unctiona' Breaker =o(e'
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9. Contact Travel . Travel )easurement to find out!
>)echanical defects of the cinematic chain
> +verall mechanical performance
> (low operation due to =ammed mechanism
> Deterioration of mechanical damping
>Contact wear
> Arcing contact length -in combination with D")0
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:. Dynamic "esistance )easurement -D")0
>"ecording the contact resistance during breaker
operation -resistance over time0
>Combination of contact resistance/ timing and
travel measurements
4.n=ect high current
5.(tart recording A @ A
7.+perate Circuit Breaker
8.Calculate "esistance
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:. Dynamic "esistance )easurement -D")0
"se D!= to fin( out
>
Prob'ems wit& contact fin*ers
>
?ubrication %rob'ems
>
T&e arcin* contact 'en*t&
Pa*e 35 > O=IC!ON
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:. D") Diagnosis! arcing contact length
Pa*e 32 > O=IC!ON
motion
(4namic resistance
coi' current
arcin* contact 'en*t&
main contact
ms
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Circuit Breaker Testing
Circuit Breakers 9 Desi*n an( stan(ar(s
Tests on Circuit Breakers
>
CBAN+ 9$$
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Conventional (etup for Circuit Breaker Testing
>
"ewiring between micro.
ohm measurement and
timing tests
>
Eots of cables
>
Time.consuming and
error.prone
>
Eong test cables create
inductive loops which
catch interferences
>
21ternal supply or
station battery re?uired
=irco/o&m measurement
Timin* Tests
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CBAN+ 9$$ 7.in.4 Test (ystem
>
Timing analy*er
>
'ossible operations! +/ C/ C+/ +C/ +.C+/ C+.C+/ +.C+.C+
>
)otion measurement is possible in parrallel
>
)icro.ohm meter
>
(tatic AND dynamic contact resistance test
>
'owerful coil and motor stabili*ed supply
>
Coil,motor current analysis
>
>ndervoltage condition test
>
)inimum pick.up test
>
Tests are possible without station battery
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CBAN+ 9$$ one system for all types of breakers
>
)edium.voltage circuit breakers
>
Figh.voltage circuit breakers -Eive Tank0
>
Figh.voltage circuit breakers -Dead Tank0
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>ni?ue connection concept
CIBANO 500 CB TN,
CB =C3
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)odular concept for simplified testing
)ain Contact )odule CB )C5
>
5 high.current outputs and 5 sensitive voltage
measurement channels
>
Geeps high.current cables as short as possible
>
minimi*ing the weight of the necessary cables
>
A digiti*ed measuring signal is produced directly
at the interrupter keeping analog cables as short
as possible
>
very low noise interference
>
+nly one connection cable to the main unit
>
fast set.up and reduced risk of wiring errors
>
Both sides grounded test possible
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>ni?ue connection concept
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>ni?ue connection concept
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)odular concept for simplified testing
Transducer Node CB TN7
>
Accessory for motion,contact travel test
>
7 analog and digital channels for data
ac?uisition of linear or rotational motion
sensors
>
nterference.free digital transmission of
results via one cable
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'owerful software support
>
'rimary Test )anager software supports all tests
>
+ne combined test report for all tests
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Benefits of all.in.one +)C"+N approach
>
7.in.4 system combines!
>
timing analy*er
>
micro.ohmmeter
>
powerful AC,DC supply
>
+ne wiring for all test! all.in.one , all.in.once
>
+ne system for medium. and high.voltage circuit
breakers
>
mmunity to interference due to short test cables
>
+ne combined report for all tests
>
Eight.weight test system for on.site testing -5$ kg , 88.4
lbs0
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