NEMATODA

• Ascaris lumbricoides
• Trichuris trichiura

• Enterobius vermicularis

End
 Ascaris lumbricoides

1. Morphology 2. Life cycle 3. Symptom

4. Diagnosis 5. Epidemiology 6. Prevention
1. Morphology
1.1 Adult

F: 25~35cm,M: 15~31cm,having labella. Male worm having a

curled tail.
1.2 Egg
Oval in shape, brownish yellow in color,
having albuminus coat, egg shell and
embryonic cell.

Fertilized egg Unfertilized egg

 Comparison
Fertilized egg Unfertilized egg
2. Life cycle
3. Symptom
3.1 Larva
3. Symptom
3.1 Larva: pneumonitis
3.2 Adult: ascariasis
3.3 Complications
Complications
Invasion to Biliary duct

Obstruction of intestine

Perforation of intestinal wall

Appendicitis
4. Diagnosis
Diagnostic methods will be studied
in practical lessons.
5. Epidemiology
5.1 Distribution
It’s reported that about 1300 000 000
persons were infected with this worm in
the world.
5.2 Sources of infection:

5.3 Reasons for epidemic of ascariasis:

Simple life cycle

large production of egg
Strong resistance of eggs
Pollution of soil with the Ascaris eggs
Poor personal hygiene
6. Treatment and Prevention
6.1 Treat patients and carriers
Albendazole, Mebendazole and ivemycin

6.2 Administration of human feces

6.3 Healthy education

Labella
Copulatory apparatus
Invasion to biliary duct
Ascaris adults in a boy
Obstruction of
intestine
 Trichuris trichiura
(whipworm)

1. Morphology 2. Life cycle 3. Symptom

4. Diagnosis 5. Epidemiology 6. Prevention
 1. Morphology
1.1 Adult
•Like buggy whip

•F:35 ～ 50 cm

•M:30 ～ 45 cm
2. Egg
•Barrel-like
•Having polar
plugs
2. Life cycle
3. Symptoms
No symptoms in light infection
chronic colonitis ：
Chronic Diarrea, feces with blood,
abdominal pain, anemia,etc.
Prolapse of rectum in children with
serious infection.
Prolapse of rectum
4. Diagnosis
Studied in practical lessons.
5. Epidemiology
5.1 Distribution

More popular in tropic and sub-tropic

area than in temperate and cold area.

Usually Coexist with ascaris

5.2 Reasons for epidemic
Similar to ascariasis
6. Treatment and prevention
Treatment for this disease is the
same as that for ascariasis.
 Enterobius vermicularis
(pinworm)

1. Morphology 2. Life cycle 3. Symptom

4. Diagnosis 5. Epidemiology 6. Prevention
1. Adult
Milk white
♀8-13 mm,♂2-5
mm
Cephalic alae
2. Egg
• colorless
• like litter “D”
• embryo
2. Life cycle
3. Symptom
Adult ：
itching of anus and perineum,secondary
infection, insomnia,fidget,etc.
Ectopic parasitism ：
inflammation of appendix, urinary
duct,reproductive tract.
4. Diagnosis

Studied in practical lessons.

5. Epidemiology
Distribution
Sources of infection
Modes of infection
6. Treatment and prevention
Decrease the sources of infection

Albendazole and Mebendazole

Enforce management of public hygiene

Prevention is more important than

treatment for this disease.
The end

Thanks!
Cephalic alae

alae

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