Sociology

Sociology is the science which attempts the

interpretive understanding of social action. Maximilian
Karl Emil Weber (Max Weber:1864-1920)
Fundamentals of Sociology

Social
Structure
Heredity &
Family
Culture &
Civilizaton
Society
Geography
Socialization
& Social
Institution
State &
Politics
Religion
Crime &
Deviance
Environment
Class &
Stratification
Development &
Challenges
Ecology
Economics
and Work
Social Change
and
globalization
Society
Society:The community of people living in a particular
region and having shared customs, laws, and
organizations
Geography
Geography: The study of the physical features of the
earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it
affects and is affected by these
Culture & Civilizaton
Culture: The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns,
arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work
and thought.
Civilizaton: An advanced state of intellectual, cultural, and
material development in human society, marked by progress in
the arts and sciences, the extensive use of record-keeping,
including writing, and the appearance of complex political and
social institutions
Environment
Environment: The combination of external physical
conditions that affect and influence the growth,
development, and survival of organisms:
Ecology
Ecology:The science of the relationships between
organisms and their environments.
Heredity & Family

Heredity:The sum of characteristics and associated
potentialities transmitted genetically to an individual
organism.
Family: Two or more people who share goals and
values, have long-term commitments to one another,
and reside usually in the same dwelling place.
Social Structure
Social structure - the people in a society considered as
a system organized by a characteristic pattern of
relationships.
Socialization & Social Institution
Socialization: the act of socializing or the state of
being socialized.
Institutions are structures and mechanisms of social
order and cooperation governing the behavior of a set
of individuals within a given community.
Class & Stratification
Stratification: the hierarchical structures of class and
status in any society
Economics and Work
Economy:The wealth and resources of a country or
region, esp. in terms of the production and
consumption of goods and services.
Work: Activity involving mental or physical effort
done in order to achieve a purpose or result
State & Politics
State:A nation with its own government, occupying a
particular territory
Politics:The activities associated with the governance
of a country or area. The art or science of
government or governing, especially the governing of a
political entity, such as a nation, and the
administration and control of its internal and external
affairs
Religion
Religion: Belief in and reverence for a supernatural
power or powers regarded as creator and governor of
the universe
Crime & Deviance
Crime: An act committed or omitted in violation of a
law forbidding or commanding it and for which
punishment is imposed upon conviction.
Deviance: The fact or state of departing from usual
or accepted standards,
Development & Challenges
Economic development is the increase in the standard
of living in a nation's population with sustained
growth. It generally refers to the sustained,
concerted actions of policymakers
and communities that promote the standard of living
and economic health of a specific area
Social Change
Social change refers to an alteration in the social
order of a society. Social change may include changes
in nature, social institutions, social behaviours, or
social relations. The base of social change is change in
the thought process in humans.


Globalization
Globalization is the process of international
integration arising from the interchange of world
views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.