Chapter 14 Section 2

 Explain the difference between learned and

innate behavior

 Describe 5 kinds of behaviors that help

animals survive

 Describe how biological clocks affect

animals
 Use the terms predator and prey in a
sentence

 List 3 animals that are predators and 3 that

are considered prey.

 Let’s share what you have…

 Innate behavior
◦ Behavior that does not depend on learning or experience
◦ Inherited through genes
◦ Some are present at birth, some develop later
 Learned behavior
◦ Use learning to change a behavior
◦ Innate behaviors can be modified
◦ Learn from experience or observation
 Innate behaviors:

 Learned behaviors:
 Finding food

 Marking territory

 Defensive action

 Courtship

 Parenting
 Predators: animals that eat other animals

 Prey: the animal being eaten

 Example: Frog (predator) eats insects

(prey), frog (prey) may be eaten by a snake
(predator)
 Competition for food and mates

 Territory: an area occupied by one or many

animals that do not allow other members of
the species to enter

 Territories are used for mating, raising

young, and finding food

 Ex: bird sing, big cats spray…

 Protection of resources and territories (food,
mates, offspring)

 Ex: mother killdeer

 Protection from predators (camouflage)

 Ex: Skunk – powerful chemical to ward off

predators
 Reproduction is essential for survival of the
species

 Special behaviors to help find a mate:

courtship

 Ex: special movements, building nests,

sounds…
 Many animals depend on parents for survival

 Gathering food, hunting, protection…

 Migration

 Slowing down

 A biological clock

 Cycles of change
 Traveling from one place to another (to find food,
water, shelter)

 How do they know which way to go?

◦ Landmarks for short distances
 Hibernation: a period of inactivity and decreased
body temperature some animals experience in
winter

 Temperature, heart rate, and breathing slow

 Ex: bears, mice, squirrels, skunks

 In the desert: internal slow downs in the intense

heat, reduced activity: estivation
 When to store food? When to migrate?

 Internal control of an animal’s natural

cycles

 Time of day and temperature help set the

“clock”

 Some biological clocks keep track of daily

cycles: circadian rhythms
 Some biological clocks control long seasonal
cycles

 Control hibernation, migration, and

reproduction patterns

 Control cycles of internal changes (different

life cycles – example: treehoppers)
◦ Egg, nymph, adult forms…
 How does hibernation help animals?

 How do landmarks help animals?