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BY

KRISHNAN.C
UVARAJ.D
The protection of groundwater and surface
water is now a major consideration in the
design of waste containment facilities in many
countries.
Geo-synthetics play an important role in this
protective task because of their versatility,
cost-effectiveness, ease of installation, and
good characterization of their mechanical and
hydraulic properties.
Furthermore they can offer a technical
advantage in relation to traditional liner
systems or other containment systems.

Geo-synthetics are fabric like material
made from polymers such as polyester,
polyethylene,polypropylene,polyvinyl
chloride(PVC),nylon,chlorinated
polyethylene, and others.

Drainage The fabrics can rapidly
channel water from soil to various
outlets.
Filtration When placed between
two soil layers, one coarse grained and
the other fine grained, the fabric allows
free see page of water from one layer to
the other.

Separation Geotextile help keep
various soil layers separate after
construction for example, in the
construction of highways, a clayey sub
grade can be kept separate from a
granular base coarse.
Reinforcement The tensile strength
of geotextile increases the load
bearing capacity of the soil.

Function Natural Soil Geosynthetics
Barrier-Single CCL GM
Barrier-
Composite
GM/CCL GM/GCL
GM/GCL/CCL
Drainage Layer Sand
Gravel or sand
GT
GN
Filter Layer Sand GT
GT
GG
GN
GCL
GM
CCL
Gravel w/
perforated pipe
Solid Waste
THE UPPER FILTER GEO TEXTILE
MINIMIZE THE MIGRATION OF
SOLIDS FROM THE WASTE WHILE
PERMITTING LIQID TO PASS
THE LOWER SEPARATOR GEO TEXTILE
TO MINIMIZE INTERMIXING OF FINE
GRAINED LINER MATERIAL AND THE
COARSE GRAINED DRAINAGE STONE
IT SHOULD SATISFY THREE
REQUIREMENTS:
SOLID RETENTION CAPACITY
SUFFICIENTLY PERMEABLE
SUFFICIENT RESISTANCE TO
CLOGGING
Strategies to decrease degree of clogging
Geo textile has BUFFERING EFFECT to
decrease the rate of permeability
Protect the geo textile from damage
during placement of few layers of waste
Clogging may be reduced by adding anti
microbial agent of geotextile material
By selecting high percent open area

Construction damage is possible due to
Puncture of coarse granular material from
tearing due to action of heavy machinery
Rupture from sub grade settlements
this can be minimized by
Using low modulus geo textile
By appropriate sub grade preparation
The design of separator layer between
drainage layer and under laying fine
grained natural or compacted soil is more
straight forward and follows conventional
design
Synthetic drainage mats are waffled net(
geo nets) they are structure to include
open channel flow for in plane
conveyance of relatively large fluids
The mats are used in conjuction with
upstream filter and downstream geo-
membrane barrier

They restrict the movement of soil particles
into open channel
Primary design consideration of mats are
flow capacity and conductivity
leachate collection
leak detection layers

Flow is turbulent
Capacity depends on
Hydraulic gradient
Actual materials flow rate
Mat compression due to overburden
loads
Compression induced creep
Mat material and thickness
Temperature and viscosity of flowing fluid
Directional drainage characteristics
Leak detection rates are governed by
conductivity of mats and dimension of flow
path

Under certain hydrological and
geotechnical conditions, natural or
compacted clay barriers are unable to
provide required level of environmental
protection from landfill contaminants
The use of geo membranes as
complimentary barrier may provide
economical means of obtaining additional
protection to meet regulatory standards
There are two mechanisms of contaminant
transportation through geo-membrane
Molecular diffusion under hydraulic
gradient
Leakage through holes under hydraulic
gradient

a landfill capping is used to control the
amount of leachate generation by rainfall
infiltration
It consists of
geo-membrane barrier
synthetic drainage mat for rainfall collection
Geotextile filter between drainage mat and
final soil cover
Drainage layer for transmission of gases to
higher vent

Tensile force will be mobilized in geo
synthetic components lining the side slope
due to waste overburden load, waste
settlement and consolidation, self weight of
geo synthetic components
Method of evaluation of tensile forces-
Equilibrium method(requires friction
characteristics)
Tension is anchored at the top of the slope
Differential settlement and localized
settlement occurs at soft zones
Open voids may develop due to tension
cracking, karstic collapse or soil dissolution
So to overcome this the geo-synthetic
members must have sufficient strength to
bridge the voids
High safety of factors are used since strength
may be lost during damage in installation
Long term creep and degradation
expected. This is also due to UV exposure
Chemical reaction with leachate, swelling
due to chemical adsorption, extraction,
oxidation and biological attacks
Compatibility of geosynthetics with the
landfill gases must be ensured
The severity of the degrading mechanisms
will govern the service life of the members
The installation damage, magnitude of
imposed mechanical stresses and
synergism with the various mechanism
may increase the rate of degradation
The service lifetime of various geo-
membranes are rarely in excess of 30
years

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