ClickBiology

Cambridge IGCSE Biology

Extended Level
Cells
ClickBiolog
y
ClickBiology
You should be able to:
Identify and describe the structure of lant cells and animal cells!
and describe the functions of their arts"
#escribe the difference bet$een animal cells and lant cells"
Exlain the structure and function of secialised cells: red blood cell!
muscle cells! ciliated cells! xylem vessels and root hair cells"
#efine the terms tissue! organ and organ systems! $ith examles"
ClickBiology
% section through a liver cell &animal
cell':
cell membrane
cytolasm
nucleus
#(%
controls $hat
enters and
leaves the cell
metabolic
&chemical'
reactions
occur here
contains the
#(% and so
controls the cell
contains the
coded
instructions to
ma)e roteins
ClickBiology
Section through a alisade cell of a leaf
&lant cell'
cell membrane
nucleus
cytolasm
chlorolast
large sa vacuole
cellulose cell $all
Site of
hotosynthesis
Storage of
nutrients and
$aste roducts"
*rovides
rotections and
suort for cell
ClickBiology
You should be able to:
Identify and describe the structure of lant cells and animal cells!
and describe the functions of their arts"
#escribe the difference bet$een animal cells and lant cells"
Exlain the structure and function of secialised cells: red blood cell!
muscle cells! ciliated cells! xylem vessels and root hair cells"
#efine the terms tissue! organ and organ systems! $ith examles"
ClickBiology
Comaring animal and lant cells
+ound in both animal
and lant cells
+ound only in lant
cells
cell membrane cellulose cell $all
nucleus large sa vacuole
cytolasm chlorolast
ClickBiology
You should be able to:
Identify and describe the structure of lant cells and animal cells!
and describe the functions of their arts"
#escribe the difference bet$een animal cells and lant cells"
Exlain the structure and function of secialised cells: red blood cell!
muscle cells! ciliated cells! xylem vessels and root hair cells"
#efine the terms tissue! organ and organ systems! $ith examles"
ClickBiology
,ed blood cells transort oxygen
cell surface membrane
cytolasm contains
no nucleus
cytolasm contains
haemoglobin
bi-concave disc shae
allo$s more room for
haemoglobin
increases surface area
over $hich absortion of
oxygen can occur
haemoglobin is a
rotein $hich carries
the oxygen molecules
ClickBiology
.uscle cells contract and enable
movement of the body
nucleus
cell surface membrane
rotein strands
/he strands of rotein
slide over each other
ma)ing the muscle cell
&fibre' shorter and causing
the muscle to contract
.uscle cells have
many nuclei
muscle
ClickBiology
Ciliated cells move bacteria and dust
a$ay from the lungs
cilia
magnification 01222
nucleus
Cilia are small extensions of
the cell" /hey beat rhythmically
to s$ee mucus! $hich has
traed bacteria and dust!
a$ay from the lungs
ClickBiology
0ylem vessels transort $ater and
minerals u the lant
xylem vessel
lignin
no cytolasm
longitudinal section
cross-section
$ater-roof and strong3
hels suort the lant
hollo$: allo$s for
continuous flo$ of $ater
and dissolved mineral
ions
xylem vessels are continuous tubes
ClickBiology
,oot hair cells absorb minerals and
$ater from the soil
cytolasm
contains no
chlorolasts as no
hotosynthesis is
needed
root hair cell
increases surface area for absortion
of $ater and mineral ions
Cross-section of a root hair cell
cell membrane semi-ermeable! so $ill
allo$ $ater and mineral
ions into the cell
ClickBiology
You should be able to:
Identify and describe the structure of lant cells and animal cells!
and describe the functions of their arts"
#escribe the difference bet$een animal cells and lant cells"
Exlain the structure and function of secialised cells: red blood cell!
muscle cells! ciliated cells! xylem vessels and root hair cells"
#efine the terms tissue! organ and organ systems! $ith examles"
ClickBiology
% tissue is a grou of cell of similar
structure that form a shared function
%nimal tissues:
muscle tissue
nervous tissue
uer eidermal
tissue
alisade mesohyll
tissue
songy mesohyll
tissue
lo$er eidermal
tissue
/issues found in the leaf
Cross-section of a leaf
ClickBiology
%n organ is a structure made of a
grou of tissues $or)ing together to
erform secific functions
*lant organs include the stem and the leaves
heart
stomach
lungs liver
brain )idneys
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%n organ system is a grou of organs that
coordinate to erform related functions
In lants the shoot is an organ system consisting of leaves and the stem
lymhatic
system
resiratory
system
digestive
system
excretory
system
reroductive
system
muscular
system
s)eletal
system
nervous
system
endocrine
system
circulatory
system
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Levels of organisation
nerve cell nervous
tissue
brain nervous
system
4omo saiens
smallest largest
cell tissue organ
organ
systems
organism
ClickBiology
(o$ you should be able to:

Identify and describe the structure of lant cells and

animal cells! and describe the functions of their arts"

#escribe the difference bet$een animal cells and lant

cells"

Exlain the structure and function of secialised cells:

red blood cell! muscle cells! ciliated cells! xylem vessels
and root hair cells"

#efine the terms tissue! organ and organ systems! $ith

examles"
ClickBiology
(o$ $rite do$n everything you remember

#on5t refer to your text boo) straight a$ay! see

$hat information you have retained"

Chec) the notes you have made by re-$atching

the video or chec)ing your boo)
ClickBiology
Cambridge IGCSE Biology
ClickBiolog
y