OSTEOARTHRITIS

BY: Agudon, Cyril Joyce

Nobleza, Friah
DEFINITION

Chronic condition causing the
deterioration of joint cartilage and
formation of new bone at margins
of subchondral area.
osteoarthrosis
Also called "wear and tear"
arthritis
Knees, feet, hips and lumbar
vertebrae





90 % of the population
40 years of age
50 to 80% in elderly




CAUSES
PRIMARY
OSTEOARTHRITIS
( normal part of aging)

o Metabolic factors
( hyperthyroidism )

o Chemical factors ( steroids )

o Mechanical factors
( repeated stress on joint )

SECONDARY OSTEOARTHRITIS
( follows an identifiable
predisposing event that leads to
degenerative changes )

o Trauma
o Congenital deformity
o Obesity

ANATOMY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

o Joint pain that is relieved by rest

o Joint crepitus during motion

o Heberdens nodes and
Bouchards nodes

o Decreased ROM
COMPLICATIONS
o Irreversible joint changes and node
formation

o Loss of independence in activities of
daily living

o Pain

o Subluxation of the joint
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
o Synovial fluid
analysis
o X-rays
oMRI
oArthroscopy
TREATMENT
o Weight loss if needed

o Exercise

o Medications ( NSAID, corticosteroids )

o Glucocorticoid injection

o Joint protection

o Surgery ( arthrosplasty, osteoplasty )
Treatment: Physical Therapy
There is no treatment to stop the erosion of cartilage in the joints,
but there are ways to improve joint function. One of these is physical
therapy to increase flexibility and strengthen the muscles around the
affected joints. The therapist may also apply heat or cold therapies
such as heat packs or compresses to relieve pain.
Supportive Devices
Supportive devices, such as finger splints or knee braces, can reduce
stress on the joints and ease pain. If walking is difficult, canes, crutches,
or walkers may be helpful. People with osteoarthritis of the spine may
benefit from switching to a firmer mattress and wearing a back brace or
neck collar.

PREVENTION
Preventing Osteoarthritis
The most important thing you can do to ward off osteoarthritis is keep your
weight in check. Over the years, extra weight puts stress on the joints and may
even alter the normal joint structure. Preventing injuries is also important. Take
precautions to avoid repetitive motion injuries on the job. If you play a sport, use
proper equipment and observe safety guidelines.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
o Teach self care skills to promote joint health
o Assist with physical therapy
o Encourage the patient to perform gentle
isometric ROM exercise
o If patient needs surgery, provide appropriate
preoperative and postoperative care
o Provide emotional support
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!