Landslide can be defined as a gradual or

abrupt movement of soil mass or rock mass

along a sloping ground.
The downslope movement of a mass of rock,
debris, earth, or soil (soil being a mixture of
earth and debris).
It is also known as landslip.
Landslides occur when gravitational
and other types of shear stresses
within a slope exceed the shear
strength (resistance to shearing) of
the materials that form the slope.
Generally occurs in steep and weak
slopes.

Natural Causes
Due to Human-
Activities


Natural Causes
Storms (Heavy Rainfall)
Earthquake
Volcanic Eruption
Ground Water
Floods
Due to Human Activities
Deforestation
Mining
Blasting
Excavation
Unmanaged Irrigation
According to the type of movement
slides
flows
spreads
Topples
Falls
And according to the type of material
It may be
rock
debris or
earth
Slides are movement caused by finite shear
failure along one or more surface of rupture
which are visible
There are two types of slides
1. Rotational
2. Translational
Rotational slide

Failure involving
sliding movement
on circular or near
circular surface of
failure.
Generally occurs in
slopes of
homogenous clay,
shale , weathered
rocks & soils.

Translational slides

Non rotational
mass movement
on more or less
planar surface.
Controlled by
weak surface
such as bedding
, joints, faults &
shear jones.

Flows

Rapid movement of
materials as a viscous
mass
It may be
Creep
Debris flows
Debris Avalanches
Spreads

Complex lateral
movement of
relatively coherent
earth materials
resting on a weaker
substrate
Spreads occur as the
result of liquefaction

Rotation or tilting of a mass of rock or blocks
outward from a steep slope face then separate
from the main mass
Earth materials become detached from a steep
slope without significant shearing, fall freely
under gravity, and land on a surface from
which they bounce and fall farther.
Typical slope angle of occurence of fall is from
45
o
to 90
o
Bury entire villages
Close roads
Rapidly moving water and debris can cause
trauma
Break electric, water, and sewage lines
Eliminates all vegetation
Weakens the slope and makes it more
susceptible to further landslides


Can be of three types
1. Structural measures
2. Bio-Engineering measures
3. Combined measures

1.Structural Measures
Retaining Wall
Revetment Wall
Check Dams
Stone Pitching


Structural Measures
Anchorage
Shortcreating
Surface & Sub-
surface Drainage

2.Bio-Engineering Measures
Grass Planting
Jute Netting
Vegetated stone
pitching