HSDPA Basic Principle: Security Level: Internal Use Only

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Security Level: Internal Use Only
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www.huawei.com
HSDPA Basic Principle
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 1
Learning Objectives
HSDPA basic principle and feature
HSDPA key technologies
HSDPA physical channels
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Page 2
Contents
Chapter 1 HSDPA Basic
Concepts and Characteristics
Section 2 Key Techniques
Section 3 Physical Channel
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Page 3
HSDPA Basic Concepts
HSDPA = High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Important Features of 3GPP R5
Why HSDPA?
The subscribers request higher speed and better quality
data access
Competition challenge from CDMA EV/DO, WiMAX
Up to now, the throughput request for downlink is much
more higher than that of uplink
The channel configuration of R99 lead a very low
efficiency on the downlink capacity
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Page 4
HSDPA Characteristics
HSDPA is the solution of WCDMA offering higher
speed downlink data services.
Peak data rate in DL: 14.4Mbps (physical layer)
Shorter delay
Higher efficiency using downlink code and power and bigger
downlink capacity
Flexible cell resource allocation
More high speed user access
HSDPA
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Page 5
Contents
Chapter 2 Key Techniques
Chapter 3 Physical Channel
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Page 6
HSDPA Key Techniques- Overview
AMC
Fast Scheduling
HARQ (Hybrid ARQ)
16QAM
SF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM
3 New Physical Channels
Adaptive Modulation and Coding Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
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Page 7
HSDPA Key Techniques
Fast Scheduling (2ms short frame
and scheduling)
AMC (support QPSK and 16QAM)
HARQ
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Page 8
Fast Scheduling Basic
If a little part of received 10ms frame (15 slots - R99) cant be
decoded correctly, whole frame will be retransmit 10ms later.
An HSDPA frame is only 2ms(3 slots). If a 2ms frame cant be
decoded correctly, just this 2ms frame need be retransmitted. Other
2ms(up to 6) HARQ process may continue transmitting data, thus
radio resource could be used more effectively.
Physical Layer Basic
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Page 9
Fast Scheduling
Scheduling Principle: based on channel
condition in short period; based on balance
between throughout and proportional fair for all
users in long period.

Some basic scheduler
Round Robin (RR)
Maximum C/I (MAXC/I)
Proportional Fair (PF)
By fast scheduling, HSDPA cell can allocate the available HSDPA power resource and
code resource among users effectively, to improves the throughout.
Scheduler may works based on CDM
and/or TDM
Channel condition
Amount of data waiting in the queue (delay)
Fairness
Cell throughout, etc
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Page 10
Share and Scheduling of Shared Channel
The following fig describes scheduling processing for 4 users.
All codes
reserved for
HSDPA
transmission
2ms
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Page 11
Fast Scheduling Process
Transmit power for which users
Channelization code
Data attributes

Scheduling Algorithm
Available resource
Required resource
Temporary statistic
Input:
1. Available resource: power and channelization code
2. Required resource: including users, user data, retransmission, air interface ability
estimate, etc.
3. Temporary statistic of scheduling algorithm: waiting time, average C/I, etc.

Output:
Transmit power for which users, power, channelization code, data attributes
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Page 12
Max C/I Scheduling Algorithm
Features:
1) Allocates channel to the user with max C/I in one TTI.

2) Provides the highest cell throughout, because channel is allocated to the user in the
best radio condition .

3) It is not fair for the users located in areas of poor coverage. By max C/I algorithm,
the system hardly allocate channel for users under pool signal condition.
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Page 13
RR Scheduling Algorithm (RR - Round Robin)
Features:
1) Every user has the same chance to occupy the channel and power.

2) It is very fair for every user, but it is not good to get a best cell throughput.

Note: User allocated
resource
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Page 14
PF Scheduling Algorithm
Features:
1) A good balance scheme, whose fairness and resource allocation efficiency is between RR
and max C/I scheduling algorithm.
2) Probability of serving all users is the same, although different users have different average
channel quality.
3) This scheme accounts for balance between system throughout and fairness.
Priority for UE = R/r:
R: required data rate of UE (calculated TB size per 2ms
based on CQI)
r: amount of effective data (not including data retransmitted )
transmitted by transport layer for this UE during the past 1.6s
The bigger the R/r, the higher the priority (more chance to
get resource).
(PF- Proportional Fair)
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Page 15
Fast Scheduling(2ms short frame and
scheduling)
HARQ
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Page 16
Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
AMC is based on channel quality
Adjust data rate
Good channel condition higher rate
Poor channel condition lower rate
Adjust code rate
Good channel condition higher rate (e.g. 3/4 code)
Poor channel condition lower rate (e.g. 2/4 code)
Adjust modulation scheme
Good channel condition 16QAM
Poor channel condition QPSK
Channel Quality Feedback (CQI)
UE measures channel quality (SNR) and reports to
Node B every 2ms or longer time.
Node-B chooses modulation scheme, Transport Block
size and data rate based on CQI.
Throughput ~ SIR Relationship
AMC could improve radio bandwidth and fit for high speed radio transmission.
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Page 17
HSDPA Modulation
QPSK
16QAM
Modulation Scheme
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Page 18
CQI Mapping Table (Category 10)
CQI value
Transport Block
Size
Number of HS-PDSCH Modulation Reference power adjustment NIR XRV
0 N/A Out of range
1 137 1 QPSK 0
28800 0
2 173 1 QPSK 0
3 233 1 QPSK 0
4 317 1 QPSK 0
5 377 1 QPSK 0
6 461 1 QPSK 0
7 650 2 QPSK 0

12 1742 3 QPSK 0
13 2279 4 QPSK 0
14 2583 4 QPSK 0
15 3319 5 QPSK 0
16 3565 5 16-QAM 0
... ... ...
21 6554 5 16-QAM 0
22 7168 5 16-QAM 0
23 9719 7 16-QAM 0
24 11418 8 16-QAM 0
25 14411 10 16-QAM 0
26 17237 12 16-QAM 0
0
30 25558 15 16-QAM 0
AMC and modulation scheme recommend in protocol
Node-B chooses modulation scheme, transport block size and data rate based on CQI.
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Page 19
Link Emulation- AMC
AMC Performance
AMC changes transmission
parameters depending on channel
condition and optimize data rate.
AMC performance is affected by
channel quality error and feedback
delay in fading channel.
For low data rate, AMC has better
performance than fixed MCS.
For high data rate, AMC has
worse performance than fixed MCS.
AMC gain
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
-12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3
HS-DSCH Ec/N0(dB)
T
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TU5(Fixed MCS) TU5(AMC)
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Page 20
AMC Processing Flow
UE measure CPICH strength
UE reports the signal quality by CQI (channel quality indicator)
Node B may filter and rectify CQI report to obtain actual CQI
Determine the channel number, transmit power and modulation
scheme, etc, based on CQI, transmit data volume, available power
and code.
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Page 21
Fast Scheduling(2ms short frame and
scheduling)
HARQ
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Page 22
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)
Tranditional ARQ
decode received transport block
detect if there is CRC error in decoded
transport bolck
If there is CRC error
discard error block
Request retransmission
Hybrid ARQ
decode received transport block
Detect if there is CRC error in decoded transport bolck
If there is CRC error
Store error block(no discard)
Request retransmission
Combine the currently received retranmission with
the previous failed decodes.
Soft Combine
Increment redundancy
HARQ helps minimize retransmission time and increase cell throughout.
Combined HARQ
Block1
Block1
Block1?
Block1
Block1
Block2
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Page 23
HARQ Concept
HARQ is a technique that transmitter sends new set of check bits if
the previous transmission failed (NACK) while receiver buffers the
failed decodes for soft combining with future retransmissions.
The RV parameter indicates different code bit transmit in IR buffer.
Different RV parameter configuration supports:
CC (Chase Combining): retransmit the same coded data
PIR (Partial Incremental Redundancy): transmit systematic bits first
FIR (Full Incremental Redundancy): transmit parity bits first
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Page 24
HARQ Gain
One retransmission gain for different retransmission scheme
Code Rate
1/3 1/2 2/3 3/4
CC Gain (dB)
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
PIR Gain (dB)
3.1 3.3 3.6 6.5
FIR Gain (dB)
3.1 3.5 4.3 8.4
FIR scheme will transmit the check bits first, it has effective average
coded bits after retransmission. Especially for high code rate, the
HARQ gain is very evidence.
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Page 25
Link Emulation- HARQ
HARQ( Hybrid ARQ) Performance
HARQ may reduce effect by
channel measure error and
feedback delay, and provide AMC
performance gain.

Higher speed, higher HARQ gain.
HARQ Gain over AMC
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
-12.5 -11.5 -10.5 -9.5 -8.5 -7.5 -6.5 -5.5 -4.5 -3.5
HS-DSCH Ec/N0(dB)
T
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TU5(AMC+HARQ) TU5(AMC)
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Page 26
Contents
Section 2 Key Techniques
Section 3 Physical Channel
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Page 27
HSDPA Relevant Physical Channel
Three new HSDPA Physical Channel
For each HS-DPCCH, SF=256
Each H has one HS-DPCCH.
For each HS-SCCH, SF=128
Each cell is assigned up to 4 HS-
SCCH (limited by UE capability)
For each HS-PDSCH, SF=16
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Page 28
HSDPA Channel Mapping
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Page 29
Associated Channel - DPCH
There is another dedicated physical channel
named DPCH for each HSDPA user. DPCH is
also called associated channel in HSDPA. It is
used for signaling transport and power control.
Normally DPCH doesnt carry service data, only
sometimes carry real time services such as
AMR (the user setup multiple RAB: CS+PS).

Node B

UE
HS-PDSCH HS-SCCH DPCH HS-DPCCH
Associated? Or Concomitant?
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Page 30
HSDPA Physical Channel (HS-SCCH)
HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH
are downlink shared
channel shared by all users.
How can users know when
and on which channel my
data is transported?
HS-SCCH is like soldiers holding
flags at the first row of queue. UE
keeps on monitoring the HS-SCCH
channels to identify any HS-PDSCH
subframes addressed to it on the sets
of HS-PDSCH channels. Upon
receiving an HS-PDSCH subframe for
the UE, the UE physical layer will
demodulates the subframe, otherwise
do nothing.
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Page 31
Physical Channel Slot Format (HS-SCCH)
HS-SCCH Slot Format Features
3 slots in one TTI (2ms)
SF=128, QPSK modulation
Maps users seven data attributes, including Xue, Xccs, Xms, Xrv, Xtbs, Xhap and Xnd;
UE demodulates HS-SCCH and find out the received data addressed to the UE. Then
UE demodulates the HS-PDSCH.
In theory, one cell can configure up to 15 HS-SCCH. But now commercial UE can only
monitor up to 4 HS-SCCH channels simultaneously. So one cell only configure up to
4 HS-SCCH channels.
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
T slot = 2560 chips, 40 bits
Data
N data 1 bits
HS-SCCH subframe: T = 2 ms
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The following nine
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For specific usage
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Page 32
Physical Channel Slot Format (HS-PDSCH)

Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
T
slot
= 2560 chips, M*10*2
k
bits (k=4)
Data
N
data 1
bits
1 subframe: T
f
= 2 ms
HS-PDSCH Slot Format Attributes:
3 slots in one TTI (2ms)
Fixed spreading factor SF16
QPSK or 16QAM modulation
Only carry user data
UE may be assigned multi channelization codes to support multi-code transport
depending on UE capability.
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The following nine
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For specific usage
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Page 33
Physical Channel Slot Format (HS-DPCCH)
Uplink HS-DPCCH
TTI 2ms (3 slots), SF 256, Fixed rate of 15Kbps,carry 2 types of HSDPA uplink physical layer
signaling: ACK/NACK and CQI.
ACK and NACK notifies the NodeB if UE has received correct downlink data or not. The field
defines like this:1-Nack, 0-Ack
CQI is a metric that reflects physical channel quality indicator based on CPICH, and reported
by period ranging from 0, 2ms. to 160ms (0 means no transmission). Usually the period is
2ms (one TTI).
ACK/NAK and CQI having different function may be controlled independently by different
parameters .
ACK/NACK/CQI could be configured to repeat up to 4 times to improve TSTD gain.

Subframe #0 Subframe # Subframe #4
HARQ-ACK CQI
One radio frame T
f
= 10 ms
One HS-DPCCH subframe (2 ms)
2 T slot = 5120 chips T
slot
= 2560 chips
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The following nine
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Page 34
Physical Channel Timing
Start of HS-SCCH is aligned with the start of P-CCPCH, HS-PDSCH subframe
is transmitted two slots after the associated HS-SCCH subframe. UE
demodulates HS-PDSCH subframe according to HS-SCCH.
HS-SCCH and PDSCH are common channels, so there are not timing between
HS-SCCH/PDSCH and DPCH.

HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH
3 slots = 2 ms
DPCH
DPCH
Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 0
P-CCPCH
2 slots
3 slots = 2 ms
Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot
15 slots = 10 ms
Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4
Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2)=1
10 ms
Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4
HS-DPCCH
3 slots = 2 ms
~7.5 slots
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The following nine
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Page 35
UE Capacity Category( for reference)
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The following nine
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colors can be used,
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design color group
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For specific usage
Typesetting
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Page 36
HSDPA Physical Channel Transmit Power
PHSDPA(HSDPA total transmit power) PHS-PDSCH + PHS-SCCH
The HS-PDSCH transmit power is adjusted by Node B according
to the following factors:
CQI
Amount of data to be transmitted
Available power for HS-PDSCH
Available code resource for HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH transmit power may use:
Fixed power transmission (outdoor 5%, indoor 3% of the total power)
A fixed power offset between HS-SCCH and DL associated channel
(PDCH). HS-PDSCH transmit power is usually bigger than the PDCH
channel to keep a proper transmit power.
HS-DPCCH transmit power has a power offset based on UL DPCH.
Slot carrying HARQ-ACK/NACK or CQI may be set different power offset.
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The following nine
groups of colors
are an example of
how our design
colors can be used,
please take note
that you should
only use one
design color group
per slide.
For specific usage
Typesetting
Standard.
Page 37
HSDPA Channel Mapping
When RAB is mapped onto HS-DSCH,
DPCH is needed to transport UL RLC
AM information and possible UL data, no
matter there is UL data to transport.

The following figure describes that DL
TRB is carried on HS-DSCH SRB and
SRB or UL service is carried on DCH. In
soft handover, there may be one or more
DCH, but only one HS-DSCH.
Thank you
www.huawei.com

HSDPA Basic Principle: Security Level: Internal Use Only

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