This document discusses safety guidelines for laboratories and proper waste disposal. It outlines various health and physical hazards found in laboratories like biohazards, irritants, corrosives, and flammables. It provides guidance on safe handling of chemicals, acids, bases, glassware, and other reagents. The document also discusses labeling of chemicals, storage, and incompatibilities. Personal safety measures are outlined, including wearing protective equipment and following proper procedures.
This document discusses safety guidelines for laboratories and proper waste disposal. It outlines various health and physical hazards found in laboratories like biohazards, irritants, corrosives, and flammables. It provides guidance on safe handling of chemicals, acids, bases, glassware, and other reagents. The document also discusses labeling of chemicals, storage, and incompatibilities. Personal safety measures are outlined, including wearing protective equipment and following proper procedures.
This document discusses safety guidelines for laboratories and proper waste disposal. It outlines various health and physical hazards found in laboratories like biohazards, irritants, corrosives, and flammables. It provides guidance on safe handling of chemicals, acids, bases, glassware, and other reagents. The document also discusses labeling of chemicals, storage, and incompatibilities. Personal safety measures are outlined, including wearing protective equipment and following proper procedures.
DISPOSAL Ms. Suzzeth M. Untalan November 27, 2013 Health and Safety Committee To emphasize on the safety guidelines in the laboratory; To know the proper waste disposal in a university setting.
Objectives 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Hazards Health Hazards Biohazards Irritants Corrosive chemicals Sensitizers Carcinogens Toxic materials
Physical Hazards Combustible Flammables Explosive Oxidizers 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Biohazards
Anything that can cause disease in humans regardless if its source. 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Irritants Cause reversible inflammatory effects at the site of contact with living tissue esp. the skin, eyes, and respiratory passages.
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Corrosive Chemicals Cause destruction or irreversible alterations when exposed to living tissue, or destroy certain inanimate surfaces; Corrosive to tissue but not to steel, few are to both. 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Carcinogens Induce tumors Chloroform, chromic acid, formaldehyde, nickel chloride, and potassium dichromate Carcinogenic dyes : auramine, basic fuschsin, benzidine dyes
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Toxic Materials Capable of causing death by ingestion, skin contact or inhalation at certain specified cocentrations. Methanol, chromic acid, osmium tetroxide, uranyl nitrate 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Combustibles Substance that ignite at or above a certain temperature at which vapors will ignite in the presence of an ignition source Flash point: 100deg F (OSHA) and 141 deg F (DOT)
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Flammables Have flash points below the combustibles Ignite even with electrical devices that spark 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Explosive Picric acid Should never be stored after use because it explodes upon aging
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Oxidizer Harmless but may initiate or promote combustion and may cause serious fire Sodium iodate, mercuric oxide, chromic acid 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Personal Safety 1. Wear suitable clothing preferably made of chemically inert materials. 2. Wear goggles, face shields when the experiment involves corrosive materials. 3. Tie your long hair at the back or wear a hair net.
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Personal Safety 4. Follow good housekeeping practices. 5. Have a first aid kit always ready for use. 6. Before performing the experiment, study and understand the objectives of the experiment. 7. Familiarize yourself with the location and proper use of safety equipment.
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Personal Safety 8. Follow all safety instructions carefully. 9. Do not wear contact lenses even under safety glasses. 10. Do not perform unauthorized experiments. 11. Do not indulge in horseplay or practical jokes
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Personal Safety 12. Do not work while under the influence of drugs or alcohols. 13. Do not work alone. 14. Do not wear jewelry to prevent accidents or contacts with chemicals. 15. Do not eat, drink, and smoke in the lab.
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Personal Safety 16. While performing the experiment: a. do not hurry unnecessarily; b. do not compromise on safety; c. take time to do things properly. 17. Be aware of what your neighbors are doing. 18. Follow the procedure of the experiment correctly; 19. Dry run procedures before actually using the dangerous materials. 20. Know what to do before leaving the lab 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Wash hands, face, arms; Turn off all services; Check the cleanliness of the lab; Leave a note if someone is expected to take over the lab; Lock the door. Before leaving the lab 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Special Safety Practices 1. Do not use frayed cords of switches of electrical equipment. 2. Keep all equipment and hands dry while handling. 3. Use grounded outlets only. 4. Do not use electrical equipment near flammable chemicals. 5. Do not try to repair equipment yourself. 6. Ask your superior before using equipment designed for pressure. 7. Each lab should be equipped with an appropriate fire extinguisher with at least one fire blanket. 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Special Safety Practices 8. Each floor level of the lab bldg should have self- contained breathing mask for emergency rescue operations. 9. Maintenance check of the apparatus and equipment.
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee 1. Read carefully the labels before using the content of the bottle. 2. Use carrying device for chemicals in transit. 3. Avoid prolonged contact with chemicals. You may do the transferring in a fume hood. 4. If possible, substitute a non-toxic substance for a dangerous chemical. 5. Close the containers after used and should be returned to the storage. Handling of Chemicals (General) 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee 6. Wipe or rinse the residual material from the external surface of the container. 7. Use aspirator, not your mouth, in suctioning liquids using pipette. 8. Use clean, dry spatulas for solid reagents. 9. Do not interchange the spatulas of different reagents. 10. Stoppers should be positioned upside down to avoid contamination. Handling of Chemicals (General) 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee 11. Do not taste chemicals and even inhale organic vapors. 12. Do not work with flammable reagents such as methanol. Handling of Chemicals (General) 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee 1. Acids should always be diluted by stirring slowly and carefully the concentrated acid into the water. If water is added into the acid, the heat generated might cause the mixture to splatter. 2. When using either strong acids or strong base, prepare suitable neutralizing agents for use in event of spills. Handling of Acids and Bases 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee 3. Do not inhale fumes of acids/bases. Keep the containers covered. 4. When opening reagent bottles which may be under pressure, cover the reagent bottle with a towel to divert any chemical spray. Handling of Acids and Bases 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
Water Acid 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee 1. All work involving ethers must be done behind safety shields. 2. Do not stopper glass flasks containing hot, condensable vapors. 3. All efforts to prevent mercury spills should be made and such spills should be promptly cleaned up. Handling of Other Reagents 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee 5. Mercury should never be heated in an open vessel. 6. Never hold solid reagents with bare hands. (arsenic oxide, sodium metal) Handling of Other Reagents 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee 1. Hold long tubing vertically when walking through the lab room. 2. If you stumble or fall while carrying glassware or chemicals, do your best to project them away from yourself and others. 3. Use a sharp triangular file when cutting glass tubings. 4. Protect your hands from possible cuts and burns by using a piece of towel/cloth when holding manipulating glassware. 5. Check the condition of the glassware. Do not catch falling glassware. Do not pick up broken glass with bare hands. Handling of Glassware 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee 1. Shelves should be steady enough to bear the weight of the containers and contents; 2. Should be high enough that it would be unlikely for the materials to be knocked off during the normal course of activities in the lab room; 3. Not be overcrowded; 4. Should not be low enough but not too high to be reached. Chemical Storage 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2 Acids Alkali and alkaline earth metals (carbides, hydrides, hydroxides, oxides, peroxides) Base Water Halogenated organic compounds Oxidizing agents (chromates, dichromates) Halogens Halogenating agents H2O2 and peroxides Nitric acid, nitrates Perchlorates and chlorates Permanganates persulfates Inorganic azides Heavy metals and their salts Table of Incompatibilities 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2 Inorganic cyanides Acid, strong bases Inorganic nitrates Acids, nitrites, metals, sulfur Inorganic sulfides Acids Organic compounds Oxidizing agents Organic acyl halides Bases Organic anhydrides Organic hydroxyl compounds Organic halogen compounds Aluminum metal Organic nitro compounds Strong bases Powdered metals Acids, oxidizing agents Table of Incompatibilities 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Name of the chemical chemical formula A signal word indicating the severity of hazard Statement of hazards with most serious first Precautionary measures to be taken to avoid injury or damage from hazard stated Instruction in case of contact or exposure if results are severe and immediate action maybe necessary. Labeling of chemicals 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee C = Corrosive E = Explosive F+ = Extremely flammable F = highly flammable XH = Harmful XI = Irritating N = Dangerous for the Environment O = Oxidizing T = Toxic T+ = Very Toxic Chemical Signal indicating hazards 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Any waste that directly or indirectly represents a threat to human health or to the environment by introducing one or more of the following risks: Explosion or fire Infections, pathogens, parasites or their vectors Chemical instability, reactions or corrosion Acute or chronic toxicity Cancer, mutations or birth defects Toxicity or damage to the ecosystems or natural resources Accumulation in the biological food chain, persistence in the environment or multiple effects
Hazardous Waste 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Responsibility of anyone discarding any items to ensure that it: It is stored and disposed of responsibly; It is only handled or dealt with by authorised / registered individuals or businesses; and A record is kept of all waste received or transferred through a system Hazardous Waste 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee General waste Recyclable waste Sharps/broken glass Biological/medical waste Chemical waste Radioactive material waste Electronic and computer waste Types of Waste 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Biological, but no legal definition so: Clinical Animal By-Product Special Waste So, what exactly is Biological Waste? Biological waste is often used to encompass clinical (or Healthcare) waste, animal by-product waste and other wastes arising from biological laboratories; Biological Waste 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee The term Animal By-Product is used to define waste that is specifically composed of animal by-products not intended for human consumption. Biological Waste 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Clinical Waste is any waste which consists wholly or partly of: human or animal tissue; blood / body fluids, excretions; drugs or other pharmaceutical products; swabs or dressings; syringes, needles or other sharp instruments; which, unless rendered safe, may prove hazardous; Clinical Waste 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Waste arising from medical, nursing, dental, veterinary, pharmaceutical or similar practice, investigation, treatment, care, teaching or research or the collection of blood for transfusion, which may cause infection to any person coming into contact with it is also defined as Clinical.
Clinical Waste 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Special Waste Controlled waste that, because of its properties, requires special treatment and control Includes: Infectious or potentially infectious material Cytotoxic and cytostatic drugs (and clinical material treated with them) Many drugs / chemicals, otherwise hazardous Special Waste 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Infectious is defined in the Hazardous Waste Directive as: Substances containing viable micro-organisms or their toxins which are known or reliably believed to cause disease in man or other living organisms. Normal practice should always be to ensure that waste leaving the laboratory or practice has been rendered NON-INFECTIOUS. If you cannot do this for some reason, then it must be classified as Special Waste.
Special Waste 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Any waste that could produce laceration or puncture injuries must be disposed of as "SHARPS". Sharps must be segregated from other waste. Metal sharps and broken glass may be commingled with each other, but not with non-sharp waste. Waste that is to be incinerated should not be commingled with glass or plastics. Biological waste must not be commingled with chemical waste or other laboratory trash. Hazardous biological waste should be segregated from other biological waste.
SEGREGATION OF BIOLOGICAL WASTE IN THE LABORATORY 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Containers must: be appropriate for the contents; not leak; be properly labeled; and maintain their integrity if chemical or thermal treatment is used. Containers of biohazardous material should be kept closed. CONTAINERS 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Place in a rigid, puncture resistant container (heavy walled plastic is recommended). Label the container "ENCAPSULATED SHARPS". Container and encapsulated contents must withstand an applied pressure of 40 psi without rupture. Never attempt to retrieve items from a sharps container. Do not place sharps in plastic bags or other thin- walled containers. METAL SHARPS 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Place in a rigid, puncture resistant container (plastic, heavy cardboard or metal), seal securely and clearly label "BROKEN GLASS".
BROKEN GLASSWARE 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Use heavy duty plastic "BIOHAZARD BAGS" (autoclave bags) or containers for solid biohazardous waste (including contaminated disposable plastic labware, paper, bedding, etc [NOT SHARPS].
SOLID BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Heavy duty plastic bags or other appropriate container without a Biohazard label are preferred. NONHAZARDOUS BIOLOGICAL WASTE 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee should be placed in leak-proof containers able to withstand thermal or chemical treatment. DO NOT USE PLASTIC BAGS TO CONTAIN LIQUIDS.
LIQUIDS 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee ANIMAL CARCASSES AND BODY PARTS must be incinerated or sent to a commercial rendering plant for disposal. The Landfill should not accept carcasses or recognizable body parts. DISPOSAL METHODS 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee SOLID ANIMAL WASTE: All animal waste, including bedding, that is infectious or harmful to animals, humans or the environment, should be appropriately treated prior to disposal, regardless of the origin of contamination. The following disposal methods are acceptable: 1. Preferred Method: incineration followed by deposition of the residual ash in the Landfill. 2. Thermal or chemical disinfection followed by deposition in the Landfill.
DISPOSAL METHODS 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee LIQUID WASTE including bulk blood and blood products, cultures and stocks of etiologic agents and viruses, cell culture material and products of recombinant DNA technology should be disinfected by thermal or chemical treatment then discharged into the Sewer System.
DISPOSAL METHODS 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Discarded sharps (contaminated or not) that may cause puncture or cuts, MUST be contained, encapsulated and disposed of in a manner that prevents injury to laboratory, custodial and Landfill workers. Needles, blades, etc., are considered BIOHAZARDOUS even if they are sterile, capped and in the original container. METAL SHARPS 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee 1. SOLID: Place in a properly labeled, leak proof container; disinfect by thermal or chemical treatment; 2. LIQUID waste should be disinfected by thermal or chemical treatment then discharged into the Sewer System.
MICROBIOLOGICAL WASTE 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee 1. Human cadavers, recognizable body parts: must be cremated or buried 2. Other pathological waste from human and higher primates must be incinerated HUMAN PATHOLOGICAL WASTE 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee Adapted from: - Laboratory Management and Waste Disposal Manual by Mallari, 2008 - Histopathological Techniques by Gregorios 2006 - Lecture notes in Microtechniques by Untalan 7/31/2014 UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee