Module 5

(Lesson-3)
Backup and Recovery
By: Amit Wadhwa
1
Topics
Covered:


Backup granularity
Backup method
Backup
architecture
Backup and
recovery
operations




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What is Backup?
Organization also takes backup to comply with regulatory
requirements
Backups are performed to serve three purposes:
Disaster recovery
Operational recovery
Archive

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It is an additional copy of production data that is created and retained for
the sole purpose of recovering lost or corrupted data.


Backup
Key Backup/Restore Considerations
Customer business needs to determine following:
What are the restore requirements RPO & RTO?
Which data needs to be backed up?
How frequently should data be backed up?
How long will it take to backup?
How many copies to create?
How long to retain backup copies?
Location, size, and number of files?

These are rquired/helpful in selecting and implementing
a specific backup strategy.


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Backup Granularity
Full Backup: corresponds to backup of complete data in
production volumes
Incremental backup: copies data that has changed
since last full or incremental backup, whichever is
recent.
Cumulative Backup: copies data that has changed
since last full backup/most recent cumulative backup.



5
Backup Granularity
6
Full Backup
Su Su Su Su Su
Incremental Backup
Su Su Su Su Su M T Th W F S M T Th W F S M T Th W F S M T Th W F S
Cumulative (Differential) Backup
Su Su Su Su Su M T Th W F S M T Th W F S M T Th W F S M T Th W F S
Amount of Data Backup
Restoring from Incremental Backup
7
Incremental
Tuesday
File 4
Incremental
Wednesday
Updated File 3
Incremental
Thursday
File 5 Files 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Production
Friday
Files 1, 2, 3
Monday
Less number of files to be backed up, therefore, it takes less time
to backup and requires less storage space
Longer restore because last full and all subsequent incremental
backups must be applied
Full Backup
Restoring from Cumulative Backup
8
Cumulative
Tuesday
File 4 Files 1, 2, 3
Monday
Full Backup Cumulative
Wednesday
Files 4, 5
Cumulative
Thursday
Files 4, 5, 6 Files 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Production
Friday
More files to be backed up, therefore, it takes more time to
backup and requires more storage space
Faster restore because only the last full and the last cumulative
backup must be applied
Backup client
Gathers the data that is to be
backed up and send it to
storage node
Backup server
Manages backup operations
and maintains backup
catalog
Storage node
Responsible for writing data
to backup device
Manages the backup device
Backup Architecture
Storage Node
Backup
Device
Backup Client
(Application Server)

Backup Data
Backup Server
Tracking
Information
Backup Catalog
Backup Data
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Backup Operation
10
1
Application Servers
(Backup Clients)
Backup Server Storage Node Backup Device
2
7
3b 4
5 3a
6
3a Backup server instructs storage node to
load backup media in backup device.
Backup server initiates scheduled backup process.
1
Backup server retrieves backup-related
information from the backup catalog.
2
Backup server instructs backup clients to
send data to be backed up to storage node.
3b
Backup clients send data to storage node and
update the backup catalog on the backup server.
4
Storage node sends data to backup device.
5
Storage node sends metadata and media
information to backup server.

6
Backup server updates the backup catalog. 7
Recovery Operation
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Application Servers
(Backup Clients)
2
6
3
5
4
4
Backup Server Storage Node Backup Device
2
Backup server scans backup catalog
to identify data to be restored and the
client that will receive data.
3
Backup server instructs storage node
to load backup media in backup device.
4
Data is then read and send to backup client.
5
Storage node sends restore metadata
to backup server.
6 Backup server updates the backup catalog.
1
1 Backup client requests backup server for
data restore.
Backup Methods
Two methods of backup, based on the state of the application when
the backup is performed
Hot or Online
Application is up and running, with users accessing their data
during backup
Open file agent can be used to backup open files
Cold or Offline
Requires application to be shutdown during the backup
process
Bare-metal recovery
OS, hardware, and application configurations are appropriately
backed up for a full system recovery
Server configuration backup (SCB) can also recover a server
onto dissimilar hardware
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Server Configuration Backup
Creates and backs up server configuration profiles, based on user-
defined schedules
Profiles are used to configure the recovery server in case of
production server failure
Profiles include OS configurations, network configurations,
security configurations, registry settings, application
configurations
Two types of profiles used
Base profile
Contains the key elements of the OS required to recover the
server
Extended profile
Typically larger than base profile and contains all necessary
information to rebuild application environment
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Backup Topologies
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Backup Device Application Server/
Backup Client/
Storage Node
Backup Server
Metadata
Backup
Data
LAN
Direct-Attached Backup
LAN-based Backup
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LAN
Storage Node
Backup Device
Backup Data
Application Server/
Backup Client
Backup Server
Metadata
SAN-based Backup
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Backup Data
Metadata
Backup Device Backup Server
Application Server/
Backup Client
Storage Node
LAN
FC SAN
Mixed Backup Topology
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Storage Node
Backup Data
Metadata
Backup Device
Backup Server
Application Server-1/
Backup Client
LAN
FC SAN
Application Server-2/
Backup Client
Metadata