The main aim of the fuel injection pump is

to deliver accurately metered quantity of fuel

under high pressure ranging from 110 bar to
200 bar at the correct instant to the injector
fitted on each cylinder of diesel engine.
Injection pump generally classified into
two categories namely
(1) Jerk type pump (e.g. Bosch pump)
(2) distributor type pump (e.g. Roosa
master pump)
JERK TYPE PUMP
(a) Sketch of typical plunger is shown.
(b) Schematic diagram of the plunger within the
barrel is shown.
Port A The fuel is always available under relatively
low pressure in side the barrel.
The plunger is driven axially along the barrel by a
camshaft and can be rotated about its axis by means of
Rack D.
The moment of which is controlled by the fuel control
lever.
Port B is the orifice through which fuel is delivered to the
injector after passing through a spring loaded check
valve.
Port C is the outlet port.




Fig (b)

Shows the position of the plunger there is no
fuel injection to combustion chamber.

Plunger is below port A, the fuel is filled above of
barrel by port A.

Plunger rises and close off port A, the liquid fuel
may passes through Port B or port C.

Overcome The Spring Force of Check Valve fuel
will leave from port C.


FIG (c)

Plunger is rotated by fuel control lever in order to inject
maximum quantity of fuel per stroke.

Plunger moves upward past port A and traps the fuel
in the barrel, it also closes of port C.\

The Trapped Fuel has no alternative except to one
escape through check valve.

This is the beginning of the injection it will continue
until helical indentation on the plunger uncovers the
port C,





FIG (D)
If plunger reaches port C fuel will escape
through port C.
The Check Valve will close the Orifice B and fuel
injection ceases at the effective stroke ends.
The effective stroke of the plunger is defined as,
The axial distance traversed between the time port A is
closed off by the plunger, and the time port C
uncovered by the helix
In the effective stroke relative quantity of fuel
injected and depicted.


Fig (e) & (d)
Another position of the Plunger rotated by
rack to inject the less than maximum
quantity of fuel injected by following the
above sequences of events.
Port C uncovers soon and the effective
stroke is shortened resulting in small
quantity of fuel is injected.

Construction details
Shows individual BOSCH Injection pump. The
pump is positive displacement type.
All individual high pressure pumps are placed in
one housing.
The plunger of which are activated by individual
cam which are arranged in line.
High pressure line start at the pump and terminate
at the injector which is located in the cylinder head.

The amount of fuel is controlled by a horizontal
movement of the rack, which in turn rotates the
plunger and thus varies the effective stroke.


Distributor pump
It has a single pumping element and fuel is
distributed to each cylinder by means of a rotor.
In the rotor, one central longitudinal passage two
sets of radial holes each equal to number of
cylinders located at different positions.
One set of the radial hole is connected to pump
inlet via central passage.
Second set is connected to delivery lines leading
to the injectors

The pump consists of two plungers
moving away from each other
moving towards each other
When the pump plunger moves away from each
other,
The fuel is drawn into the central rotor passage from
the inlet port

When the pump plunger moves towards each
other,
Pressure is generated

With the rotation of rotor wherever the radial
delivery passage in the rotor coincides with the delivery
port the fuel is injected