This document discusses different approaches to studying history. It outlines traditional definitions of history focusing on written records and highlights alternative approaches incorporating oral traditions. Various philosophies for interpreting history are presented, including cyclical, providential, progressivist, and relativist views. Specific approaches to Philippine history are then analyzed, including clerico-imperialist, assimilationist, nationalist, democratic imperialist, nationalist-realist, leftist-socialist, and pure nationalist schools of thought. The document argues the importance of interpreting Philippine history from a Filipino point of view rather than a foreign perspective.
This document discusses different approaches to studying history. It outlines traditional definitions of history focusing on written records and highlights alternative approaches incorporating oral traditions. Various philosophies for interpreting history are presented, including cyclical, providential, progressivist, and relativist views. Specific approaches to Philippine history are then analyzed, including clerico-imperialist, assimilationist, nationalist, democratic imperialist, nationalist-realist, leftist-socialist, and pure nationalist schools of thought. The document argues the importance of interpreting Philippine history from a Filipino point of view rather than a foreign perspective.
This document discusses different approaches to studying history. It outlines traditional definitions of history focusing on written records and highlights alternative approaches incorporating oral traditions. Various philosophies for interpreting history are presented, including cyclical, providential, progressivist, and relativist views. Specific approaches to Philippine history are then analyzed, including clerico-imperialist, assimilationist, nationalist, democratic imperialist, nationalist-realist, leftist-socialist, and pure nationalist schools of thought. The document argues the importance of interpreting Philippine history from a Filipino point of view rather than a foreign perspective.
traditions and cultural artifacts are not considered no written records no history Traditional Definition: record of the past record of the past of the human from the time written records weak definitions... why? because it is only based on the written records of the past according to Gottschalk past is history of actuality; hence it must study the past as it happened: This demands that the historian abandon the present. the practical value of studying and using the past to understand the present is studying and using the past to understand the present is lost history is studied, written and taught for its own sake Uses or Importance of History A. Bridging the Gap between the past and the present the present is the result of the past Filipinos are what they are today because of what happened in the past. the nature and extent of contemporary problems in the country can be best be understood in the light of thier historical roots. thus, knowing the past improves the understanding of the present.
C. Projecting the Future events and developments in the future may be envisioned using lessons of history as bases circumstances in the past have been observed to contribute to the unfolding of a significant event taking stocks of similarities or parallels between the past and the present also leads to consideration of likely possibilities or scenarios in the future.
B. Explaining Causes of things and events no discipline can provide explanations for causes of events/ and or developments
ex. "the state- side mentality" among Filipinos is very strong. question is "what was in the past that brought about this mentality?"
C. Projecting the Future history allows us to speculate intelligently about the future present and future intelligent actions springs from sound knowledge of the past D. Interpreting Conditions of a given space and time history is the only branch of knowledge that can provide information and corresponding interpretation of periods of history ex. the coming of United States to the Philippines may be explained by going back to the events before 1898 and finding out what factors contributed to the rise of the United States as an imperialist power other ex. the coming of Spaniards the 3 G's E. Promoting Nationalism and Patriotism history is the best area of human knowledge that can help in promotiong nationalism and patriotism it inspires and develops a sense of national pride and a sense of devotion to a country by recording the exploits and struggles of forefathers to win freedom and interdependence history affirms the fact that Filipinos posses many positive traits and a very rich culture MAJOR VIEWS OR PHILOSOPHIES IN THE STUDY OF HISTORY Cyclical View history repeat itself all human events occur in cycles its famous exponents were Herodotus and Spengler this view was popular from the time of Herodutos (5th century B.C.) Providential View history is determined by God everything is wills by God it something to do with what is happening during that year/ time recording of the death struggle between good and evil man is relegated to the role of a pawn in a game of high stakes life is like a gamble... that needs to take risk in order to achieve something... famous exponent; St Augustine
Progressivist View this view regards mankind as responsible for the advancement of civilizations places faith in human abilities rather than in divine intervention mankind is getting better and better their invention are getting more advance Bousset, Vicot, Lebnitz, and Marx the law of continuity (Leibnitz law) each generation build upon the achievements of the preceding: its getting better Relativist View history creates its own subject each new situation implies a reinterpretation of the past- past is the constant state of change history does not deal with causal analysis- "cause and effect relationship"- Foucalts always changing not fixed Approaches 1. Clerico- Imperialist history is God's grand design this approach emerged with the coming of the Spaniards Catholicism is the instrument of God to redeem the native inhabitants from the clutches of Satan no interpretation is needed because everything is willed by God Clerico- Imperialist the representative of this school is Pigaffeta, Loarca, Placencia, Concepcion and Zuniga Assimiliationist View the ries of secularism and nationalism Filipinos were given the opportunity to have a position in the church or in the government equality between Filipinos and Americans aimed uniting the people to prepare them for membership in the Spanish community of nations
Nationalist School product of Philippine Revolution and the American invasion freedom from colonial yoke abandoned making Philippines as part of Spain and became truly a nationalist school when they clamored for freedom
Democratic Imperialist the secular ideas that America's "Manifest Destiny" meaning American culture is superior compare to Asia, Africa, and other continents in the world
educate, civilize and train the Filipinos in the art of democratic government Nationalist- Realist School history is the reconstruction of the past as reflected in records, written, collected, analyzed and synthesized by historians history is an art because it evolves imagination and creative way of reconstruction of the past Leftist- Socialist or Marxist View history is science that is capable of being controlled, influenced, and predicted is a universalistic extension of the class conflict theme regard history as the history of economic classes, their rise, fall, dominance, and exploitation Pure Nationalist School started by Agoncillo but expounded by Salazar it is refer to as "PANTAYONG PANANAW" Philippine history from the Filipino perspective or point of view history of the inarticulate (peasants, workers, cultural communities, womens, children) Pure Nationalist School view as revolutionary as it is a logical reaction to foreign- dominated and ilustrado- centered theme of Phil. history emphasize the importance of history in nation building Reason for interpreting Philippine History from a Filipino point of view Foreign Interpretation is Biased and Prejudicial colonial master's interest Filipino culture are judge on the basis of the foreigners' own cultural development and history Filipinos view of history is better than that of his colonial masters Filipino have greater familiarity with and understanding of their own culture and history Filipino knows his history compare to foreign invaders Filipinos are more familiar with the historical root of thier problems
Filipino point of view can help promote nationalism and patriotism