Digital Thermometer

BY
Damanwala Mustansir,
M.K.A.Shah Patel
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To make a digital thermometer of range 0-100C
by interfacing a temperature LM35 sensor to the
microcontroller AT89C51 that displays the
corresponding temperature on LCD.
Block Diagram
Temperature
Sensor
Analog to
Digital
Convertor
Display
Circuit diagram
WORKING

Temperature
Sensor
Analog to
digital
Display
It consists of two sections. One is that which senses the temperature.
This is a temperature sensor LM 35. The other section converts the
temperature value into a suitable number in Celsius scale which is done
by the ADC0804

A digital thermometer can be easily made by interfacing a temperature
sensor to the microcontroller AT89C51. The temperature sensor used in
the project isLM35. The LM 35 IC generates a 10mV variation to its
output voltage for every degree Celsius change in temperature. The
Output of the temperature sensor is analog in nature so we need an
analog to digital convertor for converting the analog input to its
equivalent binary output.ADC 0804 is an analog to digital convertor IC
used in the project. 0804 is a single channel convertor which converts
the analog input up to a range of 5V to an equivalent 8-bit binary
output
Working
1.TEMPERATURE SENSOR:

Transducers convert physical data such as temperature, light intensity, flow, and
speed to electrical signals. Depending on the transducer ,the output produced is
in the form of voltage, current, resistance, or capacitance. For example,
temperature is converted to electrical signals using a transducer called a
thermistor. A thermistor responds to a temperature change by changing
resistance, but its response is non linear. The complexity associated with writing
software for such non linear devices is very high. So we use a linear temperature
sensor to respond for a temperature change.
So here in our circuit, we use the sensor LM35. The LM35 series sensors are
precision integrated circuit temperature sensors whose output voltage is linearly
proportional to the Celsius (centigrade) temperature. The LM35 requires no
external calibration since it is internally calibrated. It outputs 10mv for each
degree of centigrade temperature.
We gives a temperature input to this sensor. It converts this temperature change
to analog voltage output which will be given to an ADC.
2. ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER:
The ADC used is ADC0804. The ADC0804 IC is an 8 bit parallel ADC. It works with
+5 volts and has an 8 bit resolution. In this IC the conversion time depends upon
CLK IN signal but it cannot be faster than 110us. Here the clock source is coming
from the crystal of microcontroller.
The analog data output coming from sensor is fed to ADC which converts this
analog signal into digital binary output.
ADC converts this analog voltage as follows:
(1) We need to fix a reference voltage which is normally 1.28V.
(2) ADC uses 8 bit data resolution.
So the step size = max. input voltage/2^(8)
= 2*reference voltage/2^(8)
= 2.56/256
= 10 mV. So we conclude that the output of ADC will be changing for every 10mV
change in the input signal.

3.DISPLAY
AT89C51 is used for interfacing the temperature sensor to the microcontroller.
The microcontroller reads the input through ADC and microcontroller is burned
with coding/program such that it displays the corresponding decimal value
on LCD indicating the temperature.

Simulation
CAD Tool : Proteus 8.0
XTAL2
18
XTAL1
19
ALE
30
EA
31
PSEN
29
RST
9
P0.0/AD0
39
P0.1/AD1
38
P0.2/AD2
37
P0.3/AD3
36
P0.4/AD4
35
P0.5/AD5
34
P0.6/AD6
33
P0.7/AD7
32
P2.7/A15
28
P2.0/A8
21
P2.1/A9
22
P2.2/A10
23
P2.3/A11
24
P2.4/A12
25
P2.5/A13
26
P2.6/A14
27
P1.0
1
P1.1
2
P1.2
3
P1.3
4
P1.4
5
P1.5
6
P1.6
7
P1.7
8
P3.0/RXD
10
P3.1/TXD
11
P3.2/INT0
12
P3.3/INT1
13
P3.4/T0
14
P3.7/RD
17
P3.6/WR
16
P3.5/T1
15
80C51
VIN+
6
VIN-
7
VREF/2
9
CLK IN
4
A GND
8
RD
2
WR
3
INTR
5
CS
1
D GND
10
DB7(MSB)
11
DB6
12
DB5
13
DB4
14
DB3
15
DB2
16
DB1
17
DB0(LSB)
18
CLK R
19
VCC
20
U4
ADC0804
C1
150p
R1
10k
RV1
10k
D
7
1
4
D
6
1
3
D
5
1
2
D
4
1
1
D
3
1
0
D
2
9
D
1
8
D
0
7
E
6
R
W
5
R
S
4
V
S
S
1
V
D
D
2
V
E
E
3
LCD1
LM016L
RV2
10k
R2
10k
C2
33u
X1
CRYSTAL
+5V
BAT1
0
Results

To get output the port-0 is changed by port-2
accordingly coding is also changed.
Also the LCD connections 7-14 are changed to
pin 21-28 instead of 32-39 of microcontroller.
In the display, the temperature range is 0-
103C.

Conclusion
Atmel architecture was studied
successfully.
LCD and ADC0804 interfacing with
AtmelAT89C51 was studied
implemented on Proteus
same was assembled on a PCB
Thus we have successfully made digital
thermometer
Applications
They are very easy to read.
Since there are very few moving parts in the electronic
instruments, they are usually more accurate than the analogue
instruments. Even the human error involved in reading these
instruments is very less, which adds to the accuracy of digital
instruments.
The electronic items tend to be cheaper than the mechanical.
The data from the instruments can be recorded for future
refereitemsnce.
The output of the digital devices can be obtained in the
computer