The Rescue Agreement

1968
Hadi R Purnama
Introduction
The Rescue Agreement was considered and negotiated by the Legal Subcommittee
from 1962 to 1967. Consensus agreement was reached in the General Assembly in
1967 (resolution 2345 (XXII)), and the Agreement entered into force in December
1968.

The Agreement, elaborating on elements of articles 5 and 8 of the Outer Space
Treaty, provides that States shall take all possible steps to rescue and assist
astronauts in distress and promptly return them to the launching State, and that
States shall, upon request, provide assistance to launching States in recovering
space objects that return to Earth outside the territory of the Launching State.

As of 1 January 2011, 91 States have ratified, 24 have signed the Rescue Agreement
and one international intergovernmental organization (European Space Agency) has
declared its acceptance of the rights and obligations provided for in this Agreement
Article V

States Parties to the Treaty shall regard and shall render to them all
possible assistance in the event of accident, distress, or emergency
landing on the territory of another State Party or on the high seas.
When astronauts make such a landing, they shall be safely and
promptly returned to the State of registry of their space vehicle.
, the astronauts of one State Party shall render all possible
assistance to the astronauts of other States Parties.
States Parties to the Treaty shall immediately inform the other States
Parties to the Treaty or the Secretary-General of the United Nations
of any phenomena they discover in outer space, including the Moon and
other celestial bodies, which could constitute a danger to the life or health
of astronauts.
Article I
Each Contracting Party which receives information or discovers
that the personnel of a spacecraft have suffered accident or are
experiencing conditions of distress or have made an emergency or
unintended landing in territory under its jurisdiction or on the high
seas or in any other place not under the jurisdiction of any State
shall immediately:
(a) notify the launching authority or, if it cannot identify and
immediately communicate with the launching authority, immediately
make a public announcement by all appropriate means of
communication at its disposal;

(b) notify the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who should
disseminate the information without delay by all appropriate means of
communication at his disposal.
Article II and III deal with practical measures aimed at
rescuing and helping the crew. Art. 2
If assistance by the launching authority would help to
effect a prompt rescue or would contribute substantially
to the effectiveness of search and rescue operations,
the launching authority shall co- operate with the
Contracting Party with a view to the effective conduct of
search and rescue operations.

The assistance must be rendered
Art. II:
accident, distress, emergency or unintended landing, the
personnel of a spacecraft land in territory under the
jurisdiction of a Contracting Party
Landing on the high seas or any other place not coming
under the jurisdiction of a State.
Salvaging situation
After an accident or incident has occurred where by
they are forced to come down on land or high seas
After an accident in space or on a celestial body

Art. IV
any State, they shall be safely and promptly returned to
representatives of the launching authority.
Art. V (1)
receives information or discovers that a space object
or its component parts has returned to Earth in territory
under its jurisdiction or on the high seas or in any other
place not under the jurisdiction of any State, shall notify
the launching authority and the Secretary- General of the
United Nations.
Launching Authority
Art. VI :the term "launching authority" shall refer to
the State responsible for launching, or,
where an international intergovernmental
organization is responsible for launching, that
organization, provided that organization declares its
acceptance of the rights and obligations provided for
in this Agreement and .
The issues which not covered by
the Agreement
Expenditure
Types of accident the spacecraft personnel must have
suffered
The conditions of distress they must have experienced
The kinds of emergency landings they must have
made.

CASE of COSMOS 954
Cosmos 954
Canada v. USSR
Cosmos 954 registered to the USSR
Cosmos 954 was fallen over the territory of Canada
Issue on:
The duty to Forewarn
The duty to Provide Information
The duty to Clean up
The duty to Compensate for injury
Thank you