What is

Chunking?
Why chunk
content?
How to
Chunk?
What is
Chunking?
Easy to
Manage
Shorter
Bite-size
pieces
Easier to
remember
Breaking up
content
Chunking is a strategy used to
improve memory performance.
What is
Chunking?
Organising and grouping various
pieces of information together
Organise
Memorise the chunks instead of
the individual information -
working memory hold a limited
amount of data at the same time.
Process
Easy retrieval of the information
(short-term memory)
Retrieve
These chunks also act as cues,
allowing for easy recollection of
information.
Cues
Our Memory
Before we learn
further, lets
understand these 2
terms.


Short-term
Memory
Working
Memory
After this, information is either
committed to long term
memory, or lost all together.
What is Short-term Memory?
images
Stores
information for
about 20 - 30
seconds.
Stores
sounds,
images and
words
Hello
Premier
Brain Ice
Cream
Short-term Memory Characteristics



The 3 Main
Characteristics
Last up to 20 seconds.
Its capacity is limited to 7 2 chunks of
independent information (Millers Law)
Reasons for weakening of memory,
include (medication, sleep deprivation
or a head injury )
Brief Duration
7 2 Chunks
Weakening
Working Memory
Learning is the process of acquiring new information in your working memory and integrating it
with existing knowledge in your long-term memory. Once its in long-term memory you can
recall it and apply the knowledge to the real world.
This is how our
brain process the
information
received.
Working Memory
So, chunking the
content helps our brain
to process new
information more easier
and faster.

HAIYA!!!
OK, now we learn how to
chunk The Content
But, why chunk
content?
It helps you present
information in a way
that makes it easy for
your audience to
understand and
remember.
3 Chunking Strategies
Remove irrelevant or unnecessary information
Classify and prioritize the e-Learning courses
content
Separate your e-Learning courses content in modules and
then divide them into sections.
Efficiently group your e-Learning courses content
Content should have a rational flow, starting from basic and
broad concepts and then progressively advance into more
complex ideas. Each concept should contain the right
amount of information.
Organize your information
1
2
3
Learning is acquiring new, or modifying and
reinforcing, existing knowledge, behaviors, skills,
values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing
different types of information. The ability to learn is
possessed by humans, animals and some machines.
Progress over time tends to follow learning curves.
Learning is not compulsory; it is contextual. It does not
happen all at once, but builds upon and is shaped by
what we already know. To that end, learning may be
viewed as a process, rather than a collection of factual
and procedural knowledge. Learning produces changes
in the organism and the changes produced are
relatively permanent
How to Chunk
Content?
1
Start by listing topics covered by
your learning outcomes.
2
Group the topics into similar items.
3
Give a topic name to each group.
Example: Content Chunking
Topic 1: item A
Topic 2: item B
Topic 3: item C
Topic 4: item D
Topic 5: item E
Topic 6: item F
Topic 7: item G
Topic 8: item H
Topic 9: item J
Step 1
List all topics covered by your learning outcomes.
Example: Content Chunking
Step 2
Group the topics into similar items
Topic 1: item A
Topic 2: item B
Topic 3: item C
Topic 4: item D
Topic 5: item E
Topic 6: item F
Topic 7: item G
Topic 8: item H
Topic 9: item J

Example: Content Chunking
Step 3
Give a topic name to each group
Topic 1: item A
Topic 2: item B
Topic 3: item C
Topic 4: item D
Topic 5: item E
Topic 6: item F
Topic 7: item G
Topic 8: item H
Topic 9: item J

Basic of x
Types of y
Process of z
Process of w
System concept descriptions provide:

The missions, features, capabilities and functions of the system
Major system components and interactions
Operational environment including manual procedures required
Operational modes such as production, backup and maintenance
Interfaces with other systems
Required performance characteristics such as response time, throughput
and data volumes
Quality attributes such as availability, reliability and usability
Other considerations such as security, audit, safety and failure modes in
emergency situations
Deployment considerations such as acquisition of business data to
support the system including data cleansing and loading
The classes of users that will interact with the system
Requirements for support of the system such as maintenance
organization and help desk.
The following bulleted list has too many chunks presented at once:
The missions, features, capabilities and functions of the system
Major system components and interactions
Operational environment including manual procedures required
Operational modes such as production, backup and maintenance
Interfaces with other systems
Functional Requirements
Required performance characteristics such as response time, throughput and
data volumes
Quality attributes such as availability, reliability and usability
Other considerations such as security, audit, safety and failure modes in
emergency situations
Non-functional Requirements
Deployment considerations such as acquisition of business data to support the
system including data cleansing and loading
The classes of users that will interact with the system
Requirements for support of the system such as maintenance organization and
help desk.
Deployment and Operational Requirements
System concept descriptions provide:
Example 1 (Bullet Style)
System concept descriptions provide:
Example 2 (Diagram)
Functional
Requirements
The missions, features,
capabilities and functions of
the system
Major system components
and interactions
Operational environment
including manual
procedures required
Operational modes such as
production, backup and
maintenance
Interfaces with other
systems
Non-functional
Requirements
Required performance
characteristics such as
response time, throughput
and data volumes
Quality attributes such as
availability, reliability and
usability
Other considerations such
as security, audit, safety
and failure modes in
emergency situations
Deployment and
Operational
Requirements
Deployment considerations
such as acquisition of
business data to support
the system including data
cleansing and loading
The classes of users that
will interact with the
system
Requirements for support
of the system such as
maintenance organization
and help desk.
Activity
2
5
6
3
9
8
7
4
1
Try to memorize the
following "code symbols" in
20 seconds
1
2 3
4
5 6
7 8 9
By grouping the symbols into a meaningful, memorable pattern, we reduce
the number of individual things you have to memorise.
How about now?
It is easier right?
Summary
Yeah! It has
Improved my
memory
performance!
References

http://elearningindustry.com/3-chunking-strategies-
that-every-instructional-designer-should-know


3 Chunking Strategies
Chunking Psychology
Effective Memory Strategy
4 Tips for Content Chunking
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunking_%28psychol
ogy%29
https://k12teacherstaffdevelopment.com/tlb/how-
can-i-use-chunking-as-an-effective-memory-
strategy-in-the-classroom/
http://elearningindustry.com/4-tips-for-content-
chunking-in-e-learning
1
2
3
4
Fareeza Marican Abu Backer Maricar
Senior Learning Designer
E-mail : fareeza_marican@imu.edu.my
Slides : www.slideshare.net/FareezaM
Twitter: http://twitter.com/fareeza81
IMU : http://www.imu.edu.my