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Neurobiology of
of Learning
Learning and
and Memory
Memory
Lec 10:
Mental Retardation
What
What is
is retardation?
retardation?
DSM Criteria
● IQ of 70 or below (Normal mean = 100, SD = 15, so 2 SD)
● Deficits or impairments in present adaptive functioning in at least two of the following:
Communication Self Care
Home Living Social/ Interpersonal Skills
Community Resources Self-Direction
Functional Academic Skills Work, Leisure, Health, and Safety
Differential Diagnosis:
● Learning Disorders or Communication Disorders
● Dementia
● Pervasive developmental disorders
Etiology of Mental Retardation
Most common:
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Down’s Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Fragile X Syndrome
Low Heritability of Severe Retardation
Genetic
Genetic forms:
forms: chromosomal
chromosomal
abnormalities
abnormalities
Chromosomal Abnormalities mostly spontaneous
Severe
68.26%
sd = 15