GSM P&O Training Material For Skill Certificate-GPRS Basic Principle

GPRS Basic Principle
GSM P&O Department

Objective
At the end of this course, you will be able to understand:
GPRS network architecture and characteristics
GPRS interfaces and protocols
GPRS air interface technology
GPRS working flow
Evolution from GPRS to 3G

Content
GPRS Network Overview
GPRS Radio Interface technology
GPRS Mobility Management
GPRS Session Management
GPRS Data Transferring Process
Process of Evolution from GPRS to 3G
What is GPRS?
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
Packet switch is most efficient way of using
frequency in data application.
GPRS = mobile + IP, which is the
integration of GSM radio access technique
and internet packet switch technique.

GPRS network overview
Production & Evolution of GPRS
GPRS Production & Evolution
GPRS is mobile packet data service based on GSM mobile
Telecommunication system. GPRS system is a subsidiary of
previous GSM circuit switch system for fulfilling users demand as to
use MS to access internet or other packet data network.
GPRS realizes packet data transmission by adding series of
functional entities based on previous GSM network. Newly-added
entities and existing entities after software upgrading constitute
GSM-GPRS network providing GPRS data service while existing
GSM network providing circuit service.
GPRS Features
GPRS features
adapted to aperiodic bursty data service
uplink and downlink can be asymmetrical. Data rate is changeable.
flexible resource management style
GSM voice and GPRS data service share RR dynamically.
MS has various mapping relationships with channels.
One MS can has multiple data sessions simultaneously.
Coding mode: CS-1CS-4data rate9.05171.2kbit/s
Major interface protocols (InternetX.25SMS) are supported.
Shared GSM infrastructure to reduce network operation cost.
Charge fees based on data quantity.
GPRS Services
Bearing service
WWW scanning, FTP, WAP and E-mail etc.
PTP
Unconnected PTP service (PTP-CLNS) like IP
Connected PTP service (PTP-CONS) like X.25
PTMGPRS provide in the second phase
PTM-Mmulticasting
PTM-Ggroup calling
IP-Mmulticasting
GPRS Services
Telecom Service
PTP: E-mail, electronic monitoring, online games
PTMweather forecast
Mobile IP
Complementary service
GSM phase2 supplementary service supported by GPRS
GPRS specified supplementary service
GPRS service & existing service
Relationship with GSM SMS service
Relationship with circuit switch service
three network working mode
three kinds of terminals
conditions in which two services are applied
United GPRS & IMSI attachment and detachment
United router area & location area upgrading
B series MS suspension & restoration
GPRS network encourages the function of CS paging
System
message
System message1
System message 3
System message 5 System message 13
System message 4
System message 2
GPRS System Message
R
R
BSS
MSC
PSTN
SS7 Network
EIR
HLR/AUC
SMS-GMSC
Firewall
Firewall
Firewall
Router
Router
Server
Server
SGSN
Inter-PLMN
network
PTM-SC
GGSN
Border
Gateway
GPRS
Backbone
IP based
GPRS
Infrastructure
Data Network
(Internet)
Data Network
X.25
Um
R/S
PCU
GPRS Network Infrastructure
RLC/MAC layer function Radio resource management function
PCU Function
DLPDU at LLC divided into
RLC data block
ULRLC data block
recomposed into PDU at LLC
layer
PDCH UL & DL ARQ protocol
Allocate UL & DL radio resource
Channel access control function
such as access request and
access permission
Radio channel management
function such as power control,
congestion control and
broadcasting control messages.
Network Access Control
Authentication
encryption
IMEI check
Path Management
SGSN-BSS data
transferring path
management
SGSN-GGSN and
SGSN-SGSN path
management
Logical Link Management
Management of SG
SN-MS logical links
Acknowledgement or
unacknowledgement
transfer
Path and Tunnel Transferring
Storage and transferring
of user data
Router selection
Address translation and
mapping
Package and tunneling
transferring
User Info Management
Mobility information
Endorsement info.
Charge Management

SGSN Function
Network Access Control
Message filtering
Charging info collection
Dynamic allocate IP address
SGSN-BSS data
transferring path
management
SGSN-GGSN and
SGSN-SGSN path
management
Mobility and session
management
Service Management
Storage and transferring
of user data
Management of APN
Router selection
and transferring
Mobility info
Endorsement info
Charge Management
CG charging
Radius charging
GGSN Function
HLR Function
GPRS subscriber subscription data
User authentication
GMM or router selection information upgrading and
manipulation
Save and upgrade SGSN number and address of user service
GPRS user location deleting indication
MS availability
user tracing (optional)

MSC/VLR additional function
SGSN connection with MSC by Gs interface (Gs interface
is optional
United IMSI/GPRS attachment & detachment
United location area & router area upgrading
Circuit paging coordination function
Enhance radio resource utilizing rate
GPRS Support SMS
SGSN connects with SMSC via Gd interface to send SMS
by GPRS
SMS service effect on voice service
SMS resource can be shared
operator can choose to transmit SMS either by MSC or
SGSN
BTS
SGSN GGSN
BSC
MSC/VLR
Gi
Gn
Gr
Gs
Gb
Gn
A
HLR
IP Network
GPRS
Backbone

BG
Other PLMN
Gp
PCU
SGSN
GGSN
Gn
Gn
BG
SS7
GPRS Network Interface
MS
Um
Abis

Major Interfaces Function
Um interface
Through which MS communicate with GPRS network supporting
functions such as packet data transferring, SMS, SM and RRM.
Gb interface
SGSN communicates with BSS and MS via Gb interface which
supports the function of packet data transferring, GMS and SM. This
interface is a must in GPRS network.
Gi interface
Gi interface connects GPRS with exterior packet data network. GPRS
connects with PDN including internet or ISDN via Gi interface.
Operations such as Encapsulation, decapsulation, address conversion,
user authentication are needed on this interface.

Major Interfaces Function
Gn interface
Gn interface is interface between GPRS service supporting nodes,
i.e. interfaces between SGSN, between SGSN and GGSN, and
works based on GTP.
Gs interfaces
Via Gs interface , SGSN together with MSC realizes the function
of GMM including united Attach & Detach, upgrading of united
router area & location area. SGSN will also receive CS paging info
from MSC and transmit to MS through PCU.
Others
GrGdGPGcGf.
GSM RF
MAC
RLC
LLC
SNDCP
IP/X.25
Application
GSM RF
MAC
RLC
L1 bis
Network
Service
BSSGP
Relay
L1 bis
Network
Service
BSSGP
L1
L2
IP
L1
L2
IP
UDP/TCP
GTP
IP/X.25
LLC
SNDCP
UDP/TCP
GTP
Relay
MS BSS/PCU SGSN GGSN
Um
Gb Gn Gi
GPRS Data Transferring Platform
Physical layer
Its categorized into radio frequency layer and physical layer
Protocol of L1bisL1L2
There are no fixed regulations on that. Different
manufacturers may have different solutions.
RLC/MAC
RLC provides reliable RL for upper service and MAC is
responsible for channel positioning and reuse. RLC and
MAC constitute OSI layer protocol with Um interface, and
use service provided by physical link layer.

NS
NS realizes transferring function based on BSSGP which lays on the basis
of flame layer connection between BSS and SGSN and passes through
switch nodes of frame layer.
BSSGP
In DL, SGSN provides BSS with radio information to realize RLC&MAC
function; In UL, BSS provides SGSN with radio information gotten from
RLC&MAC. BSSGP enables function of BSS and SGSN management.
This layer transmits router and Qos information between BSS and SGSN
without error correction function.
Relay
Relay in BSS is relay LLC PDU between Um and Gb while Relay in SGSN
is to relay PDP PDU between Gb and Gn.

LLC
LLC is reliable and protective logical link between MS and SGSN
and is dependent of lower layer radio interface protocol. It has two
transferring mode: acknowledgement and non-acknowledgement.
SNDCP
Its network protocol which is responsible for mapping,
compression, subsection, sequence and reuse. Main function
include reuse multiple PDP, compress or decompress user data
and protocol control information, partition N-PDU into LL-PDU or
encapsulate reversely.
GTP
This protocol encourages data and signaling transferring between supporting
nodes of GPRS key network. PTP PDU PD should be encapsulated with GTP.
UDP/TCP
They belongs to transmit layer protocol , providing end-to-end reliable link.
TCP (connection protocol) provides with flow protection and control function
and guarantee the correctness of data transferring while UDP (non-connection)
is just the transceiver of datagram without error correcting capability and not
caring about whether the datagram has been correctly received.
IP
GPRS backbone network protocol is used for router selection and signaling
control. GPRS backbone network preliminarily use IP V4, later will use IP V6.
BSSGP
Relay
GMM/SM
LLC
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
GMM/SM
LLC
BSSGP
L1bis
Um Gb
MS BSS SGSN
Network
Service
RLC
MAC
GSM RF L1bis
Network
Service

SCCP
MTP2
MTP3
MTP2
MTP3
SCCP
Gr/Gf/Gd
SGSN HLR
TCAP
MAP
TCAP
MAP
L1 L1
SCCP
MTP2
MTP3
MTP2
MTP3
SCCP
Gs
SGSN MSC/VLR
BSSAP+ BSSAP+
L1 L1
UDP
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
UDP
Gn
GSN GSN
GTP GTP
SCCP
MTP2
MTP3
MTP2
MTP3
SCCP
Gc
GGSN HLR
TCAP
MAP
TCAP
MAP
L1 L1
Gn
UDP
L2
IP
GGSN
L1
L2
IP
GSN
GTP
L1
MTP2
MTP3
SCCP
MAP
L1
MTP2
MTP3
SCCP
HLR
TCAP
MAP
L1
GTP
Gc
Interworking
TCAP
UDP
MS-SGSN
SGSN-HLR/EIR/SMS SGSN-MSC/VLR
GSN-GSN
GPRS Signaling Platform
Content
GPRS radio interface technology
GPRS Logical Channel Type
Logical CH
Traffic CH
Control CH
PBCCH
PCCCH
PRACH
PAGCH
PPCH
PDCCH
PACCH
PTCCH/D
PS
CS
PDTCH/CS1
PDTCH/CS2
PDTCH/CS3
PDTCH/CS4
PNCH
PTCCH/U
GPRS Logical Channel Type
Packet Data Channel (PDCH)
include packet service channel and packet control channel
Packet Data Traffic Channel (PDTCH)
Unidirectional traffic channelPDTCH/UPDTCH/D
Packet Control Channel
Broadcasting control channelPBCCH
Common control channelPPCHPRACHPAGCH
PNCHsend notification message
Dedicated control channelPACCHPTCCH/Uto
estimate TAPTCCH/Dsend TA upgrading message
Packet Logical Channel Combining mode
Combination of logical channels
Mode 1PBCCHPCCCHPDTCHPACCHPTCCH
Mode 2PCCCHPDTCHPACCHPTCCH
Mode 3PDTCHPACCHPTCCH
PCCCH = PPCH + PRACH + PAGCH + PNCH
Service Volume
When GPRS traffic is not intense, GPRS and circuit traffic
generally share BCCH and CCCH in cells. In this case, mode 3 is
needed.
With the accumulation of traffic
Packet common channel is needed to be configured in the cell.
Channel combination is either mode 1 or mode 2.
MS Multi-slot Class
Concept of MS multi-slot class
Element: maximum receiving TSL number (DL TS), maximum
transmission TSL number (UL TS), and maximum TSL number
Definitionlevel 1-29. multi-slot class get boosted as level mounts
Factors affecting MS multi-slot class
Whether transmit and receive can be done simultaneously
Time for MS to make adjacent measurement, transceiver
transmission and reception preparation
Frequency hopping affecting time range
Target market thinning
BSS should make best resource allocation according to MS multi-
slot class, Qos requested and current resource allocation
condition.
MS Mobile Capability Series
A series
Can attach GPRS network and GSM network simultaneously
and PS and CS traffic can be conducted simultaneously.
B series
Can attach GPRS network and GSM network simultaneously
and PS and CS traffic can be conducted for one of them..
C series
Cant attach GPRS network and GSM network simultaneously.
Select either PS traffic or CS traffic to conduct and unselected
traffic is in disconnected state.
T = PTCCH,
I= Idle frame
B0 - B11 = Radio blocks
52 TDMA Frames
B0 B1 B2 T B3 B4 B5
I
B6 B7 B8 T B9 B10 B11 I
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TDMA frame
RLC Block
Except PRACH and PTCCH/U, the unit of logical channels is Block with the
occupancy sequence is B0, B6, B3, B9, B1, B7, B4, B10, B2, B8, B5, B11.
Logical Channels Mapping
52 Multiframe Description
PDCH frame organization
One 52 multi-frame includes 12 radio blocks
In circuit domain, one TDMA frame is divided into 8 TSL
TSL assigned to GPRS is PDCH
Multiple TSL can constitute one PDCH group, each including 8 TSL at
most.
Basic unit of radio resource allocation and radio transferring is BLOCK.
One BLOCK includes 4 TDMA frame which is the smallest unit of user
occupancy.
Surplus 4 burst is used for measuring and reporting TA
Multiple users scramble for these blocks, in this way the goal of packet
share is achieved.
RLC / MAC header RLC Data BCS
RLC / MAC layer
Radio block
CS-1 9.05 kbit/s
CS-2 13,4 kbit/s
CS-3 15,6 kbit/s
CS-4 21,4 kbit/s
Coding scheme Bit rate
1/2
~ 2/3
~ 3/4
1
Code rate
184
274
318
440
Radio block excl. BCS
40
16
16
16
BCS
4
4
4
-
Tail
456
588
676
456
Coded bits
0
132
220
0
Punctured bits
Convolutional coding
Puncturing
456 bits
4 bursts
Physical layer
CS Coding Scheme
CS Coding Scheme
GPRS defines four channel coding mode from CS-1 to CS-4
Data rate is 9.05 Kbps, 13.4 Kbps, 15.6 Kbps21.4 Kbps accordingly.
Channel coding of CS-1 is the same with that of SDCCH. C/I of CS-1
and CS-2 is the same with that of voice service with the coverage of
90100C/I of CS-3 is higherC/I of CS-4 is much higher and
favorable radio environment are required.
Network will adjust channel coding mode based on real-time
monitoring of radio transmission
Different TSL can select different channel coding mode
When the quality radio transmission is good, its necessary to use
more efficient coding mode.
PDTCH Allocation
Concepts
USF
Control different MS to reuse Blocks on PDCH UL. USF is used in dynamic
and extensible media access mode. On PCCCH, one USF is used to
mark PRACH(USF equals to idle) , the remaining is left to 7 MS. (USF =
R1/R2 R7
TBF
TBF is physical link used by RR identity to transmit LLC PDU
unidirectionally on PDCH. Its RR allocated on one or more PDCH on
which RLC & MAC blocks carrying one or more LLC PDU are transmitted.
TFI
Each TBF is assigned one TFI, and its possible to use one TFI in different
directions. TFI assignment before LLC frame transmission. RLC & MAC
related to one specified TBF must include one TFI.
PDTCH Assignment
GPRS and GSM share the same air interface channel
Three modes of RR assignment are:
static assignment
dynamic assignment
extend dynamic assignment mode

CS PS PS PS CS CS PS CS
Speech
call 1
Speech
call 2
Speech
call 3
GPRS
user 1
GPRS
user 2
GPRS
user 3
GPRS
user 4
TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7
GPRS
user 5
GPRS
user 6
Idle
PDTCH Assignment
P : packet channel C: voice channel
PDTCH Assignment
P2 P1 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3
P2 P1 P3 P4 P4 P5 C8 C8 C8
P1 P1 P1 P4 P4 P5 C9 C9 C9
P1 P1 P1 P1 P5 P5 P5 P5 P5
C4 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 C10 C10
C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3
C2 C2 C2 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 P1
C1 C1 C5 C5 C5 P5 C7 C7 C7
7
Time
2 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8 3 7 5 6 4 9
PDTCH Assignment
Reason to use static PDCH
Ensure that GPRS MS in the cell is on line
Ensure Qos of GPRS service
Reason to use dynamic PDCH
GPRS and GSM share radio resource
consider the best utility of radio resource with voice traffic as the
top priority
The ratio of PS traffic and Cs traffic in one cell always changes
Dynamic PDCH is unusable
C/I(dB)
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
CS1
CS2
CS3
CS4
Typical urban area with moving speed at 3 kil per hour
Packet Data Transmission
One PDCH can be used by multiple MS While one MS can use multiple
PDCH.
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B0
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B0
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B0
MS1 MS3 MS2
LLC
SNDCP
IP
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
N-PDU
SN-DATA PDUs
LLC Frames
RLC Blocks
RLC/MAC Blocks
TDMA Bursts
Each IP package can be divided into blocks on one or more SNDCP layer.
each SNDCP PDU is mapped to one LLC layer.
LLC Frame shall be transferred into many RLC Block.
RLC Block together with MAC header are sent into air by 4 bursts.
0 7
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms

= BURST PERIOD
0 7 0 7 0 7
RLC/MAC Blocks
TDMA Bursts
RLC Blocks
4 x TDMA Frames = 4 Bursts = 1RLC block ~ 20 ms
Content
Mobility Management Concepts & Procedures
Specified Procedures of Mobility Management
Attach & detach
Periodic location upgrading & router area upgrading
Normal area location upgrading & router area upgrading
Unified Procedures of Mobility Management
authentication
P-TMSI reallocation
ID identifier
Connection Management Procedures of Mobility
Management
Establishment of connection and release
GPRS mobility management
Major Function of Mobility Management
General Function
GPRS attach: establish MM context and MM state changes to be ready
GPRS detach: delete MM context and MM state changes to be idle
(either MS or network initiates)
Security function includes authentication, encrypt and identifier verification
etc.
Location management include normal or periodical router area upgrading
and cell upgrading
Network Function
Work with HLR to erase GMM context.
User data management
MS class mark handling
Work with MSC/VLR for united location upgrading and united paging etc.
PDU transmission
Implicit Detach
or
Cancel Location
GPRS Attach
READY timer expiry
or
Force to STANDBY
GPRS Detach
GPRS Attach
PDU reception
GPRS Detach
or
Cancel Location
MM State Model of MS MM State Model of SGSN
IDLE
READY
STANDBY
IDLE
READY
STANDBY
READY timer expiry
or
Force to STANDBY
or
Abnormal RLC condition
IDLE
IDLE
GMM Status Migration Model
GMM State Transit
GMM State
Idle: GMM context isnt established and MS is unavailable
Standby: GMM context has been established and MS can receive
paging but not transfer data; router area at which MS located
Ready: MS can transfer data and cell in which MS belongs to
GMM context
MS flag
GMM state
location information of MS (router area flag and cell flag)
Serving SGSG location and VLR serial number (MS only)
Encryption algorithm and authentication parameter
GMM Status migration
Idle (Idle)
When GPRS is in Idle state, GMM is not activated by the user.
Theres no effective location information or router information
concerning this user in MS and SGSN environment. In this
case MM is not supported.
Under this circumstances, MS makes selection and
reselection of PLMN and GPRS. Establish MM environment in
MS and SGSN by activating GPRS function.
GMM Status Migration
Standby
In standby state, IMSI of the user in MM environment has been
created in MS and SGSN, and MS can receive paging message
but not to send packet data. In SGSN, if it receives response to
paging from MS , MM state migrates to Ready. And MM state of
MS will return to Ready when data or signaling transmit from MS.
Accordingly when SGSN gets data and signaling from MS, MM
state will migrate to Ready.
MS can process GRPS detach function to enter Idle state.
When Ready state timer times out
SGSN know router information of MS
MS can receive paging information
MS can have router upgrading
GMM Status Migration
Ready
In this state, information of cells in which MS belongs to can be
found in SGSN MM environment, and MS can transceive PTP
PDU. Ready state is monitored by a counter and MM environment
will migrate from Ready to Standby. MS can invoke GPRS traffic
detach function to realize the migration from Ready to Idle.
When GPRS attach is completed
SGSN know CELL ID of MS
MS can transceive PTP data
MS can have cell upgrading function
7d. Cancel Location Ack
7c. Cancel Location
7b. Update Location
7g. Update Location Ack
7e. Insert Subscriber Data
7f. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
6d. Insert Subscriber Data
6c. Cancel Location Ack
6b. Cancel Location
3. Identity Response
2. Identification Response
2. Identification Request
1. Attach Request
5. IMEI Check
3. Identity Request
4. Authentication
6a. Update Location
7a. Location Update Request
7h. Location Update Accept
6f. Update Location Ack
6e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
MS BSS new SGSN old SGSN GGSN HLR EIR
old
MSC/VLR
new
MSC/VLR
9. Attach Complete
8. Attach Accept
10. TMSI Reallocation Complete
GPRS Attach Procedure
1. Send Authentication Info
2. Authentication and Ciphering Request
1. Send Authentication Info Ack
2. Authentication and Ciphering Response
MS BSS HLR SGSN
GMM Authentication Procedures
Identity Response
Check IMEI
Identity Request
Check IMEI Ack
MS BSS EIR SGSN
GMM authentication
procedure
GMM Identifier
verification
3. IMSI Detach Indication
2. Delete PDP Context Response
1. Detach Request
2. Delete PDP Context Request
5. Detach Accept
MS BSS GGSN SGSN MSC/VLR
4. GPRS Detach Indication
1. Detach Request
4. Detach Accept
MS BSS GGSN SGSN MSC/VLR
HLR MS BSS GGSN SGSN MSC/VLR
1. Cancel Location
2. Detach Request
6. Cancel Location Ack
5. Detach Request
MS originate
SGSN originate
HLR originate
Detach Signaling Procedures
Location Management
Cell update: cell identifier changes and router identity
unchanged
Router area update: router area identity changes
Router area update in SGSN
router update cross-SGSN
United update of router area & location area
United RA/LA update in SGSN
RA/LA update cross-SGSN
Periodic location update
1. Routing Area Update Request
3. Routing Area Update Accept
2. Security Functions
MS BSS SGSN
4. Routing Area Update Complete
Router Area Update Procedure (Intra SGSN)
MS BSS new SGSN HLR GGSN old SGSN MSC/VLR
2. SGSN Context Response
1. Routing Area Update Request
2. SGSN Context Request
5. Update PDP Context
Request
5. Update PDP Context Response
6. Update Location
9. Update Location Ack
11. Routing Area Update Accept

10. Location Updating Request

10. Location Updating Accept
7. Cancel Location
8. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
8. Insert Subscriber Data
12. Routing Area Update Complete
3. Forward Packets
Router Area Update Procedures (Inter SGSN)
12b. Cancel Location
12c. Cancel Location Ack
12d. Insert Subscriber Data
16. TMSI Reallocation Complete
12f. Update Location Ack
13. Location Update Accept
15. Routeing Area Update Complete
14. Routeing Area Update Accept
8. Cancel Location
6. Update PDP Context Response
6. Update PDP Context Request
7. Update Location
10. Update Location Ack
12a. Update Location
11. Location Update Request
2. SGSN Context Response
2. SGSN Context Request
1. Routeing Area Update Request
9. Insert Subscriber Data
9. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
12e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
MS BSS GGSN old SGSN new SGSN HLR
new
MSC/VLR
old
MSC/VLR
5. Forward Packets
4. SGSN Context Acknowledge
United Location Update Procedure
BSC SGSN
1.
1.
RA1
1. Send LLC PDU
From one cell to
another in the
same RAC
Cell Update Procedures
Content
GPRS session management
SM Concept
There is one or multiple PDP address in GPRS authentication
data with each PDP address corresponding to one PDP context
SM management entity: SGSN,GGSN, MS
PDP content:
PDP type, address (dynamic and static) and status
APN
NSAPI
Activated and inactivated
Exclusive correlation between PDP context and MM context
Deactivate PDP Context
or
MM state change to IDLE
or PMM-DETACHED
Activate PDP
Context
INACTIVE
ACTIVE
PDP Context Status Migration
Function of SM Management
PDP context activation: either MS or network originates this function
and PDP context status migrates to ACTIVE
Authentication
SGSN gets GGSN address through analysis of APN
QoS negotiation, address assignment and start charging etc.
PDP context modification
Execute this process when some parameters (serving SGSN, Qos) in
PDP context need to be changed.
PDP context deactivation
Either MS or network originates and PDP context status migrates to
INACTIVE
Delete PDP context
Retrieve dynamic PDP address
GGSN
4. Activate PDP Context Accept
3. Create PDP Context
Response
3. Create PDP Context Request
1. Activate PDP Context Request
SGSN MS
PDP Activation ProcessMS Originate
MS SGSN GGSN
3. PDU Notification Request
HLR
1. PDP PDU
2. Send Routeing Info for GPRS
2. Send Routeing Info for GPRS Ack
4. Request PDP Context Activation
5. PDP Context Activation procedure
3. PDU Notification Response
MS originate
Network
originate
GGSN
4. Deactivate PDP Context Accept
1. Deactivate PDP Context Request
SGSN MS
GGSN
SGSN
2. Deactivate PDP Context Accept
2. Deactivate PDP Context Request
MS
MS originate
GGSN originate
PDP Context Deactivation
BTS BSC
SGSN
GGSN
Intranet
GPRS
Core
Network
SS7
HLR
DNS
Internet
1.
Access
Point
PDP Context Activation Scene - 1
MS sends PDP activation
request to SGSN
SGSN verify user data
APN
dynamic & static IP address
BTS BSC
SGSN
GGSN
GPRS
Core
Network
DNS
Intranet
Internet
1.
2.
Access
Point

SGSN gets GGSN address from DNS
SGSN sends setup PDP context
request to GGSN
BTS BSC
SGSN
GGSN
GPRS
Core
Network
Intranet
Internet
1.
2.
External data network wanted by APN identity user
Dynamic address is assigned by GGSN interior IP
address pool or exterior DHCP server
GGSN returns establish PDP context response to
SGSN
SGSN return activate PDP context to MS
SGSN can establish router between MS and GGSN
Content
GPRS data transfer process
UL TBF Access
TBF establishment process on the following channels
CCCH
PCCCH
PACCH
Access Mode
ONE PHASE
means network assigns adequate resource one time upon network
receiving channel request.
TWO PHASE
means network assigns single RLC & MAC block the first time and assign
corresponding RR upon MSs specific request.
MS Network
Packet Channel Request
Packet Immediate Assignment
Uplink Data (TLLI)
Uplink Data (TLLI)
PRACH or RACH
PAGCH or AGCH
PDTCH
PDTCH
Uplink Data (TLLI)
PDTCH
Packet Uplink Ack/Nack
PACCH
PDTCH
Uplink Data
. . . . . .
CCCH One-phase Access
MS Network
Packet Resource Request
Packet Resource Assignment
PRACH or RACH
PAGCH or AGCH
PACCH
PACCH
Uplink Data
PDTCH
Uplink Data
PDTCH
CCCH Two-phase Access
Packet Uplink Ack/Nack
Data Block (last)
Access and Assignment
MS BSS
PACCH
PDTCH
Packet Uplink Assignment
PACCH
PACCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block (last in send window)
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
final Packet Ack/Nack
PACCH
LLC PDU
SGSN
GPRS UL Data Transfer
MS
Network
Packet Paging Response (LLC frame)
PRACH or RACH
PAGCH or AGCH
PACCH
PPCH or PCH
Packet Paging Request
GPRS Paging
Packet Downlink Ack/Nack
MS Network
PACCH
Packet Downlink Assignment
PACCH
PDTCH
PACCH
final Packet Ack/Nack
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block (polling)
PDTCH
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
Data Block
Data Block (last, polling)
PACCH
Immediate Assignment
AGCH
Packet Downlink Assignment
LLC PDU
SGSN
PACCH
GPRS DL Data Transfer
TA Initialization
Initial TA value isnt contained in Immediate Assignment message,
indicating UL data transmission will not be conducted before TA
value is gotten from TA update
System sends Packet Polling Message requesting MS to send
access burst for computing of initial TA value
Use default TA value as initial TA for cell radius is not great.
Continuous TA update
Update once every 8x52multi-frame (1920ms, approximately 2
second)
Obtain TA in GPRS Data Transferring
Continously TA Update Process
For UL & DL data transferring, TAI will be gotten upon getting
PDCH. TAI is from 0 to 15 and indicates 16 idle frame location
of constant 8*52 multi-frame.
On UL channel, MS sends access burst on Idle frame assigned
by specified TAI. On DL, corresponding idle frame sends TA
Message.
TAI
TA message 4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
TA message 3 TA message 2 TA message 1
26 TDMA frames
416 TDMA frames
Downlink:
Uplink:
Idle frame
Power Control in GPRS Transferring Process
MS UL transmission power formulapower unit is dBM
P = min(0 - CH - * (C + 48), PMAX)
CH is power control parameter constant through control message from
network to MS related to MS and channels,
0 is a constant and the value is 39dBm in the case GSM900 and 36dBm
in the case of DCS1800
is notified to MS by control message of BCCH or RLC , and is a
weighting factor of receiving factor when MS computing TxPwr with the
value of 0~1.
Cstandardized value of MS receiving signaling level.
PMAX is maximum transmission power allowed in cell and the value is
GPRS_MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH when PBCCH exists otherwise it is
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH
BSC
BTS
Server
BTS
BSC
GGSN
SGSN
HPLMN
VPLMN
GGSN
BG
BG
SGSN
Intra-PLMN
Backbone
Network

Data
Network

Intra-PLMN
Backbone
Network

Inter-PLMN
Backbone
Network
Graph of GPRS Data Transmission
Content
GPRS = General Packet Radio System
EDGE = Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution
EGPRS = GPRS + EDGE modulation
Concept of GPRS & EDGE
Channel Coding of GPRS& EDGE

GPRS Evolution
According to tradition, GSM-GPRS-EDGE-WCDMA is the
right path from GSM to 3G. But in GSA case, EDGE
parallels WCDMA. i.e the roll of EDGE changes in
evolution from one stop to the destination. According to
the definition of 3G set by ITU, 384kbps is the criterion of
3G. Theoretically EDGE rate reaches 473.6kbps, So for
small or middle sized operators without 3G license,
EDGE is their destination.
GPRS Evolution

GSM P&O Training Material For Skill Certificate-GPRS Basic Principle

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GSM P&O Training Material For Skill Certificate-GPRS Basic Principle

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