NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOUNDRY AND FORGE

TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTATION
ON
BINDERS

SUBMITTED BY
MOHIT KUMAR
7207
BINDER: AN INTRODUCTION
Substances possessing bonding qualities are called
binders.
It may include clays, starch compounds, silicates and
numerous organic resins and oils ,both synthetic and
natural
It is either in liquid form or in a very finer state of
division

Role of binder
On compaction , the binder coatings form lense
shaped masses at the points of contact of the grains.
the strength is a function of the number and area of
these contacts.
Holds the sand grains together and impart strength ,
resistance to erosion and to breakage, and degree of
collapsibility.
Classification of binders
Organic binders: combustible and destroyable by heat
Inorganic binders: considerable strength at high
temperature and non-combustible
Metallo-organic binders: intermediate between the
above two
Organic binders

core oil
cereal
Resins
Plastics
Pitch
Dextrin
Molasses
Rosin
Etc

Inorganic binders
Fire clay
Bentonites
Silica flour
Iron oxide
etc
Description of some particular
binders
Clay:
approximate particle size range 0.01 to 1.0 microns
Used for moulding as well as traditional dry sand
Bond is developed by the addition of water
The strength of the ionic bond is strongly influenced
by adsorption of exchangeable cations
Cereals:

Develops gelatinousbond with water.
Increases resistance of green sand moulds to friability
on air drying.
Acts as a buffer against scrabbig and other expansion
defects.

Core oil:

Most commonly used for baked strength
0.5 to 3.0 percent by weightis generally used
Requirement depends upon fineness of sand and the
strength and hardness required of the core

Sulfite binders:

Water soluble compounds of wood sugars
Provides strength on evaporation of water and produce
very high surface hardness during baking
Used as an ingredient of pitch compounds for large dry
sand cores

Pitch:

Solid-coal-tar by-product of the making of coke.
Used as ground powderin percentage upto 3 percent
Pitch portion fuses and partially distills at
temperatures of 300 to 600F during baking

Inorganic binders:

Used to obtain green strength, baked strength,hot
strength or a smooth finish
0.3 percent southern bentonite reduces sagging of
cores
Silica flour in amount of 30 percent in core sands is
used to obtain hot strength of large casting

Classification based on nature of
bonding
Heat curing binders:
They are stove hardening core binders
Employed in the shell moulding or croning process
Heating the binder with some aldehyde and acid or
acid salt catalyst produces stable sand mixture
Further heating helps in curing of larger cores





Cold setting binders:

It is either organic or silicate type
Sand mixture is prepared with additions of liquid
binder and an appropriate hardening reagent or
catalyst

Furan binders:

Available as three main types UF/FA, PF/FA, UF/PF/FA
combinations
Sands have good breakdown properties and can be
readily reclaimed
Used over a range of jobbing and mechanised
production

Gas and vapour hardening binders:

Employs a separate cold hardening operation after the
core or mould part has been formed
Setting is accomplished by passage of a gas or vapour
through the compacted sand