SOLID WASTE

WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?

Solid waste are refuse arising from human,
animal and industrial activities that are
normally solid in nature and discarded or
thrown away as useless and/or unwanted.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Refers to all activities pertaining to the
control, transfer and transport, processing
and disposal of solid wastes in accordance
with the best principles of public health,
economic, engineering, conservation,
aesthetic and other environmental
consideration.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID WASTE
Garbage It is composed largely of
putrescible organic matter and moisture.
Garbage decomposes rapidly, particularly in
warm weather, and may quickly produce
disagreeable odors.




GARBAGE

Rubbish These
are waste that is
either combustible
or non-combustible.
Combustible rubbish
is not putrescible
and may be stored
in a longer period of
time, non-
combustible rubbish
are materials that
cannot be burned.

Rubbish



Biodegradable
waste Is any
material that can
decompose by
microbiological
organisms or
enzymes. Examples
of this are kitchen
waste, such as
peelings and food
leftovers, withered
trees grasses and
papers.

Non-Biodegradable
waste refers to
solid wastes which
do not undergo
decomposition
hence are non-
compostable and no
putrescible waste
materials. This
includes all kinds of
synthetic plastic,
glass, metals, and
ceramics.

Hazardous waste is
any waste that is
potentially dangerous to
the environment and
health because of
chemical reactivity,
toxicity, flammability
and explosiveness.
Such involves sharp
materials and tools,
household and
laboratory chemicals
and corrosive liquids. It
can be in solid, liquid or
gaseous state.

Pathological waste
Is that which
includes tissues,
organs, and body
parts, human
features from
surgical operations,
biopsy and autopsy.
Also animal
carcasses, blood
and body fluids.

4RS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Refuse: Do not buy or
accept anything you do not
really need.
Reduce the amount of
garbage generated.
Reuse: Reuse everything to
its maximum after properly
cleaning it.
Recycle: Keep things which
can be recycled to be given
to rag pickers or waste
pickers.



We Got a Problem.
For most, the garbage crisis is limited to its
collection. As long as the mounds of
garbage
are removed...
...it is a problem out of sight and out of mind.
On estimate, 6700 tons of solid waste is
generated each day, but only about 720 tons
were recycled or composted. 1500 tons are
dump illegally to random places and some
are burned elsewhere. The rest is dumped in
landfills for scavengers to work on.
150000 residents of Metro Manila are used to
the smell and sight of the mountain of
garbage as part of their daily lives.
Then it happened
In July 2000, after a weekend of heavy rain,
a mountain of garbage collapsed, burying
hundreds of homes. Followed by fire that
spread along the site because of dangerous
chemicals in the soil lighted up by downed
electric utility poles.
205 dead bodies are found and hundreds
reported missing.
Payatas is closed because of the accident,
but sadly, reopened again because of lack
of disposal options.
History of waste disposal crisis.
The Rise (Early 1991Mid-1992)- opening of Payatas,
Catmon, San mateo and Carmona Cavite landfills
and closing of the smoky mountain.
The Decline (Mid-1992Late 1997) San Mateo and
Carmona Operations affects its citizens, the
marching of dump trucks day and night, presence of
junk shops, waste pickers and informal shanties has
alarmed the residents, arising opposition to the
landfills. Payatas and Catmon continued operation.
Prelude to Crisis (Late 1997 Late 1999) Carmona
is suspended because of public opposition,
bringing the pressure more on San Mateo landfill.
Forcing the opening of a landfill in Lingunan
Valenzuela and pier 18. In 1998, the clean air act
was passed and it stalled the plan to build
incinerators.
The Crisis (Late 1999Early 2001) The San Mateo
is forced to close due to public opposition in late
1999, within weeks the catastrophe of waste
disposal fall upon Manila, out of disposal options,
the existing sites accelerates their operation,
Bataan, Semirara island and Rizal are options in
mind, but is stopped because of opposition. Then
the Payatas incident happen, causing it to close but
reopened lately.
The Aftermath (Early 2001 Present): Since 2001,
additional controlled dump sites have been
developed in an attempt to mitigate the crisis.
These include the Rodriguez disposal facility in
Montalban and the Tanza facility in Navotas. RA
9003 was also enacted during this time.
COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTE
UNDER RA 9003
the local government is responsible for
collecting non-recyclable materials and special
wastes, while barangay units are given the task
and responsibility of collecting and segregating
the biodegradable, compostable, and reusable
wastes. Of Metro Manilas 17 cities and
municipalities, 11 contract out garbage
collection to the private sector and 6 collect
garbage themselves as part of their local
government functions.

COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTE IS MADE
THROUGH BY THE DECISION OF ELECTED
OFFICIALS WHETHER IT IS A:
1) Municipal Collection collection made
by the government including vehicles to
be used and manpower.
2) Private Collection private firms made
contract with the resident of the
community for collecting their solid
waste.
3) Contract collection the city or
municipal government hires private
firms to collect the solid waste
COLLECTION METHODS
1. Curb side or Alley pick-up Method
2. Set Out, Set Back Method
3. Backyard Pick-up Method

Cost of Solid Waste
Over P3.54 billion (US$64
million) is spent
annually on the collection
and disposal of Metro
Manilas solid waste, at an
average cost of about
P1,450 ($26.40) per ton.
Despite this high level
of spending, the system
requires significant
improvement.

TRANSPORTATION OF SOLID WASTE
METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION OF SOLID WASTE
Daily Route Method
Single Load Method
Large Route Method
DISPOSAL AREA OF SOLID WASTE
DISPOSAL AREA OF SOLID WASTE
DISPOSAL BY SANITARY LANDFILL
LAND SITE IDENTIFICATION AND SCREENING CRITERIA
Area Capacity and Availability
Haul Distance and Time
Proximity to Perennial Surface Water
Occurrence of Flooding
Proximity to Sensitive Land Users
Local Ecological Condition
Current and Future land use
Seismic Condition
Geological Condition



Soil/Land Condition
Topography
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND SCREENING METHODOLOGY
Data acquisition.
Plotting of excluded areas, Identified on the
basis of the absolute criteria, in an
appropriate map.
Identification of candidate area from the map
for the field survey.
Site survey and Evaluation.
Selection of preferred site.
IMPROPER DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
DANGER ON IMPROPER DISPOSAL
OF SOLID WASTE
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF TOP 7
POPULATED CITIES
TOP 7 POPULATED CITIES
1) Quezon City
2) Manila
3) Caloocan City
4) Pasig City
5) Taguig City
6) Paranaque City
7) Valenzuela City

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF QUEZON CITY
The City Government,
thru the EPWMD,
conduct a two-week
dry-run upon the
effective date so that
the residents may be
able to familiarize
themselves with the
types of wastes to be
segregated and the
schedule of collection.
o following are
implemented:
a) Segregation of
Biodegradable and
Non-Biodegradable
waste in each house
holds
b) Door to door dedicated
collection of
segregated waste

COLLECTION SCHEDULES WILL BE AS FOLLOWS

Monday-Wednesday-
Friday Collection
Schedule:
a) Monday and Friday
for Biodegradable
b) Wednesday for Non-
Biodegradable

Tuesday-Thursday-
Saturday Collection
Schedule:
a) Tuesday and Saturday
for Biodegradable
b) Thursday for Non-
Biodegradable


TRUCKS ARE MARKED BY TARPAULINS OF
BIODEGRADABLE AND NON-BIODEGRADABLE

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF MANILA
The respondents segregate their wastes into PET bottles, glass
bottles, and other waste (mixed wastes). No respondents perform
composting. It is worth noting, however, that burning of waste is
not done by the respondents. The households rely on garbage
collection by the government. Collection is done twice daily,
except Sundays, and household members bring their garbage
when the garbage truck arrives. However, there are those who
dump their garbage in non-designated pick-up points, usually in a
corner of the street. The dumped garbage becomes a breeding
ground for disease-causing organisms. Some household
respondents said that it is possible that the dumping in certain
areas caused the dengue fever suffered by some of their family
members. Mothers and household helpers are responsible for
household waste management. Scavengers generally look for
recyclable items in the dumped garbage.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF CALOOCAN CITY
Caloocan City Mayor Implemented RA 9003 Declaration of
Policies:
a) Ensure the protection of public health and environment.
b) Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the
utilization of valuable resources and encourage resources
conservation and recovery
c) Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and
volume reduction through source reduction and waste
minimization measures, including composting, recycling, re-
use, recovery, green charcoal process, and others, before
collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate and
environmentally-sound solid waste management facilities in
accordance with ecologically sustainable development
principles.


d) Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport,
storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the
formulation and adoption of the best environmental practices in
ecological waste management excluding incineration
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF PASIG CITY
An official from the Pasig City Solid Waste Management Office Sunday
urged residents to practice segregation especially this Yuletide season
to help lessen the volume of waste that will be accumulated and dumped
into garbage disposal sites. Angeles explained that as part of the Clean
and Green program of Pasig City, headed by Mayor Bobby Eusebio,
they have recently launched a project dubbed ''Pa Zero'' or ''Bukod-
Bukod na Basura Tungo sa Zero na Basura'' to help encourage the
people to segregate their waste and re-cycle re-usable materials. He
said that under the project, the people should start the practice of
segregating their waste as part of their efforts to reduce the volume of
waste produced by every person at .2 percent. He said that currently the
number is .656 percent. Angeles added that if residents of the
barangays will not comply nor practice segregation by January 3, 2011
their trash will not be collected. He added that trash collectors will be the
ones who will check if residents are complying with their scheme. There
Advocacy ''No segregation, no collection of trash.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF TAGUIG CITY
Taguig City launches Love a Clean City project We
need to help each other in cleaning our environment. If
our surroundings, canals, and other waterways are clean,
we can avoid certain illnesses and prevent flooding
caused by blockage of garbage, said Mayor Lani
Cayetano. The Love a Clean City project include the
strict implementation of Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2002 that focuses on retrieval,
reusing, and recycling as effective means to cut down
garbage volume. Meanwhile, the city government
generated a total of P100 million savings from the huge
amount previously spent by the on garbage collection
alone. The savings were used to fund its scholarship
project benefiting 13,200 local students.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF PARANAQUE CITY
Paranaque City generated a total of 254.0
tons of solid waste in 1999 or a per capita
waste generation of 0.55kg/day. As early
as 1990, the city issued an ordinance
(Ordinance No.90, series 0f 1990)
regulating garbage disposal within the
municipality and providing a penalty for
noncompliance. The Ordinance was limited
to regulating illegal dumping of waste in
public places, including the seashore or
shoreline, requiring the use of appropriate
garbage container, and putting the
containers out for collection at the
scheduled time. On waste segregation, the
city is governed by existing ordinances of
the Metro Manila Development Authority
(MMDA), which promote waste
segregation. Briefly, the program involves
the practice of waste segregation by
households and no segregation-no
collection rule by the local government.
The segregated waste types end up in
different destinations:

(a) biodegradable waste is composted at
composting centers to produce organic
fertilizer that is sold to farmers, parks and
golf operators, and the Department of
Agriculture,

(b) non-biodegradable recyclables are
collected separately, deposited at the
redemption centers, and sold to junkshops
and recycling
factories

(c) all others are collected by the city
garbage trucks and brought to authorized
landfills.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF VALENZUELA CITY
Anti-littering enforcement is key - Instead of
enacting a total ban on plastics, industry leaders
are pushing for a stronger implementation of
Republic Act 9003, or the Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000.
Bayongs instead of plastic - The Philippines
is rich in bamboo, buri leaves and other
materials that can be woven into bags. If the
eco bag industry grows, the bayongs can be
manufactured even in the provinces.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF TOP 7 POPULATED CITIES
BARANGAY POPULA
TION
DAY OF
COLLECTI
ON
PLACE
OF
DISPOSA
L
AMOUNT OF
WASTE(TONS/D
AY)
BARANGAY 176
OF CALOOCAN
CITY

243,890
COMMONWEAL
TH OF QUEZON
CITY

186,543
MONDAY ,
WEDNESD
AY &
FRIDAY
AREA I
BARANG
AY
PAYATAS
1500 tons *
BATASAN OF
QUEZON CITY

150,764
TUESDAY ,
THURSDAY
&
SATURDAY
AREA I
BARANG
AY
PAYATAS

1500 tons*
PINAGBUHATAN
OF PASIG CITY

126,503
PAYATAS OF
QUEZON CITY

119,053
MONDAY ,
WEDNESD
AY &
FRIDAY
AREA I
BARANG
AY
PAYATAS

1500 tons*
BARANGAY POPULA
TION
DAY OF
COLLECTI
ON
PLACE OF
DISPOSAL
AMOUNT
OF
WASTE(TO
NS/DAY)
BARANGAY 176
OF CALOOCAN
CITY

243,890
BAGUMBON
G ,
CALOOCAN
COMMONWEAL
TH OF QUEZON
CITY

186,543
MONDAY ,
WEDNESD
AY &
FRIDAY
AREA I
BARANGAY
PAYATAS
1500 tons *
BATASAN OF
QUEZON CITY

150,764
TUESDAY ,
THURSDAY
&
SATURDAY
AREA I
BARANGAY
PAYATAS

1500 tons*
PINAGBUHATAN
OF PASIG CITY

126,503
PAYATAS OF
QUEZON CITY

119,053
MONDAY ,
WEDNESD
AY &
FRIDAY
AREA I
BARANGAY
PAYATAS

1500 tons*