* TWO TYPES OF THINKING

CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING

CRITICAL THINKING is the ability to evaluate and apply logic
and reasoning.
- the aim of critical thinking is reasoning,
analyzing, evaluating, decision making
and problem solving.
CREATIVE THINKING is the ability to imagine or create some-
thing new or original.
- the aim of creative thinking is to gene-
rate ideas, stimulate curiosity and think
differently.

1.Critical and Creative thinking can be describe as qualities of good
thinking processes and as type of thinking.

**Creative thinking is generally considered to be involved with the
creation or generation of ideas, processes, experiences or objects;
** Critical thinking is concerned with their evaluation.

2. Critical and Creative thinking are interrelated and complementary
aspects of thinking. Almost of the thinking which we undertake
contains some critical and some creative aspects.

3. Critical and Creative thinking processes are combinations of abili-
ties, knowledge, values, attitudes, skills and processes.
** Skills and Processes are somewhat dependent upon specific
subject matter for their form;
** Values and Attitudes are required in all subjects for their
execution.




4. Teachers Role in Building the Analysis
of the Elements of Critical & Creative
Thinking:


a. to structure and design activities, assign-
ments and lessons that incorporate all
of the aspects of critical and creative
thinking into the subjects he/she
teaches.


b. teachers should attempt to do this in
ways which build up their pupils
innate abilities, interests, experiences
and background knowledge.


5. Critical and Creative Thinking Contribute to:
a. Achieving the crucial goals for education as developing learners
who work towards the creation of greater social justice,
b. Exercise the right to dissent responsibility and
c. Act in accordance with an ethical framework which reflects
qualities such as honesty, integrity and compassion.

6. Paul (1987) distinguish the WEAK SENSE & STRONG
SENSE critical thinking in the ff.way:
a. Weak sense people who have the abilities necessary for under-
taking quality critical & creative though but use
them only to their own advantage .
b. Strong sense critical & creative thinkers, however are commi-
tted to using their abilities to seek out the most
accurate & fair positions regardless of or their own
particular interests or desires.
Suchss S*Such thinking takes into account the needs,view-
prnts & arguments of others & is built upon analysis
of ones own motives.









* Critical and Creative Thinking : Some Key Elements
Knowledge Skills Values Attitudes/Disposition
Practical knowledge

Knowledge of the
disciplines and arts

Knowledge of self

Knowledge of the needs,
feelings, and experiences
of others

Moral knowledge
Visualizing criteria
Establishing
Infering
Summarizing
Predicting
Verifying
Elaborating
Identifying main ideas

Identifying Assumptions
Identifying relationships &
patterns

Representing
Identifying arguments

Developing analogies

Comparing
Classifying
Ordering
Observing

Fairness

Clarity

Autonomy

Authenticity

Rationality Self-
criticism

Honesty

Truth Empathy
Commitment to growth

Intensity

Curiosity

Justice

Sensitivity

Persistence

Objectivity

Open-mindedness

Intellectual
** Innate & Culturally Shaped Abilities & Forms of Intelligence are
1. Linguistic 2. Musical 3. Bodily-kinesthetic 4. Logical 5. Spatial
6. Intrapersonal 7. Interpersonal
* The knowledge, Skills, values and Attitudes or Disposition of the 7
Forms of Intelligence contribute to:

** Metacognition, scientific inquiry, Dialectical reasoning overlap
and are interrelated, Problem solving, Lexical analysis,
designing, Composing, Processess, Identifying problems

Contribute to :

** CRITICAL and CREATIVE THINKING

** The importance of having learners develop good critical & creative thinking
abilities has to do with the foundations needed for a democracy & with the
tools needed for independent & life long learning.
1.** A democracy is only as strong as its citizens are informed, capable of & willing
to engage in critical & creative thinking reflection;
a. critical thought is necessary for analyzing arguments & for rational decision
making while,
b. creative thinking is necessary in order to develop alternatives to ways of life
not considered upon reflection to be desirable.
2.** Learners also need to develop these thinking abilities in order to move their
learning beyond;
a. memorization or passive acceptance,
b. to understanding & the commitment to persevere until clarity and
c. insight are achieve.
** Without a commitment to creative & creative thinking the values of rationality,
truth & justice achieve little substance in classroom.

* 6.IMPORTANCE OF CRITICAL AND CREATIVE
THINGKING

* 3.A Technical Skills;
** is one which can be taught in the same way across a number of
contexts without involving an individual can be basic feelings,
beliefs, or motives in any significant way.
** can be learned in the same manner regardless of whether one
is fair minded or compassionate individual or whether one
has foundational knowledge in any particular school subject.
** highly dependent upon human purpose while;

4.Critical thinking and Creative thinking are not these types of skills. Rather,
** developing these thinking abilities involves will or desire on the part
of the thinker to go beyond what is given,
** to make an attempt to understand the self and question the motives
of others,
** treating critical and creative reflection solely as technical skills is not
consistent with the purposes for which they are being developed in
schools,
** it is important to recognize that critical and creative thinking takes diff.
disciplines or arts,
** critical and creative reflection do not develop in a vacuum. Every occasion
of thought requires some content to reflect upon.
5. THOUGHT CRITICAL and CREATIVE THINKING
= is shaped by content, by facts, = may contain some common elements they
concepts, principles & theories take unique forms in unique areas of study.
Of various disciplines or fields ( ex. critical thinking in mathematics does
and by one s experiences and not necessarily involve the same mixture
observations. Of knowledge, skills, processes as critical
thinking in social studies or arts.







= The criteria for good critical or creative thought in an area of knowledge depends
upon the methods developed in that area for establishing the truth of its claims.
=This implies, then, that being able to think critically about literature is no
guarantee that one will also be capable of critical and creative reflection using
the concepts and principles for the lesson in algebra.
= While the values which move people to attempt such reflection remain constant,
the knowledge base required does not.

* 6. TEACHERS
** part of their role in fostering critical and creative thinking abilities is that of
building learners understanding of the concepts, skills, and processes of the
various disciplines and fields and of their methods or constructing and
evaluating knowledge.
** they need curricula and instructional methods which support inquiry into
methods for knowledge construction, such as how scientists do science or
how historians establish historical facts.

IN SUMMARIZING THE PURPOSES AND DEFINITION OF CRITICAL AND
CREATIVE REFLECTION, IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN WHY ONE WORLD UNDERTAKE SUCH REFLECTION AND HOW ONE
WOULD BEST GO ABOUT IT. METHODS FOLLOW FROM PURPOSE. THIS
UNDERSTANDING MAY BE DEVELOPED FURTHER THROUGH AN ANALYSIS OF
THE TEACHERS ROLE IN ASSISTING PUPILS TO BECOME CRITICAL AND
CREATIVE
THINKERS.




>>>thank You<<<
* USES of CRITICAL THINKING

> Critical thinking underlines the C basic elements of communication:
a. Reading c. Speaking
b. Writing d. Listening
> Critical thinking also plays an important part of social change.
> Critical thinking consider that the institutions in any society- courts, governments,
schools, businesses are the products of a certain way of thinking.
> Critical thinking also helps us uncover bias & prejudice which is the first step
toward communicating with people of other races & cultures.
> Critical thinking is a path to freedom from half-truths & deception.
> Skilled learners are thorough thinkers:
a. they distinguish between opinion & fact
b. they ask powerful questions
c. they make detailed observations
d. they uncover assumptions & define their terms
e. they make assertions carefully, basing them on sound logic & solid evidence
f. almost everything that we call knowledge is a result of these activities, this means
that critical thinking & learning are intimately linked.
* CHARACTERISTICS of CRITICAL THINKERS

> They are honest with themselves
> They resist manipulation
> They overcome confusion
> They ask questions
> They base judgements on evidence
> They look connections between subjects
> They are intellectually independent

THE TEACHERS ROLE

> The role of the teacher in helping to improve learnerscritical and creative
thinking abilities includes the personal qualities required of teachers by such
a goal and the classroom climate and teaching practices which best support it.

> Teacher as Models. This has to start from a recognition of the teacher as a
person whose unique character, interests, and desires can not be separated
out from the idea of the teacher s role. Good teachers are doing more when
they teach and act according to prescribed roles.
*
> Their desire to nurture a love for learning,
> to help learners recognize and act upon their capabilities
> to establish a classroom climate which is based upon mutual regard
> respect gives their teaching purpose and meaning beyond any technical description
of the teachers role.

What is important is that to have teachers who are dedicated and striving to improve
their practice through the use of critical and creative thought. Acting upon their belief
in the importance of critical and creative reflection, teachers should attempt to:

1. analyze their own thinking processes & classroom practices & provide reasons for
what they do;
2. be open minded, encouraging pupils to follow their own thinking & not simply
repeat what he/she said;
3. change their own positions when the evidence warrants, being willing to admit a
mistake;
4. consistently provide opportunities for pupils to select activities and assignments
from a range of appropriate choices;
5. exhibit genuine interest, curiosity and commitment to learning;
6. undertake the organization and preparation required to achieve learning goals.
7. seek imaginative, appropriate, and ethical solutions to problems;
* 8. be sensitive to others feelings, level of knowledge, and degree
of sophistication;
9. show sensitivity to the physical elements which contribute to a
stimulating learning environment through the physical
arrangements and displays they provide or facilitate;
10. encourage pupil participation in rule setting and decision
making related to all aspects of learning, including
assessment and evaluation.












>>>>> end of my report<<<<<<


THANK YOU..