HYBRID LASER WELDING

PRESENTED BY
PRASHANT KU. RAJPUT
TTME
INTRODUCTION

Laser Hybrid welding is a type of welding
process that combines the principles of laser
welding and arc welding.


There are three main types of hybrid welding
process, depending on the arc used: TIG,
plasma arc or MIG augmented laser welding.
While TIG-augmented laser welding was the
first to be researched, MIG is the first to go into
industry and is commonly known as hybrid
laser welding.
High welding speed.
Deeper weld penetration and wider weld root.
Better mechanical properties.
Better weld toughness.
Very smooth transition between weld and base
material.
Better fatigue performance.
Greater stability of the welding process.
BENIFITES
The benefit of transmission welding is that
the weld is inside the component and thus
the surface is not harmed and no micro
particles are generated.
Working process of Hybrid Laser Arc
Welding

For most hybrid applications, the GMAW assists the
laser process by:
Adding filler material at an elevated temperature
with little energy from the laser;
Permitting welds to be made in joints with greater fit-
up issues and gaps than can be normally weld by
autogenous laser welding
Sometimes altering the chemistry of the weld metal.


Figures shows the working of laser hybrid welding
Results Show the Temperature Distribution During
Laser hybrid Welding
Comparison between MAG,Laser,Hybrid welding.
Hybrid laser welding has high production rate
without any distortion or effecting the materials.
Lower heat input compare to other.

Better leveling of edge offset.
High welding speed than gma and laser welding.

Small fillet and more clearance than MAG.
Weldability of zero gab and I seam lap joint.
Figure shows comparison GMA ,LASER ,and LASER
HYBRID weld joint.
Assumptions

Plain carbon steel.
Simple butt joint configuration.
Use of EWI Dura Stir tools.
Machine and fixturing purpose built for assumed
application.
Range of thicknesses3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 19 mm.
Broken down in terms of cost/meter based upon
weld length achievable each month.
The main advantages of laser
processing include:
High productivity
Low heat input
Minimum distortion
Some challenges include:
Critical joint preparation due to
limited gap bridging
Increased capital cost compared to
traditional arc-welding equipment

Necessity of hybrid laser welding
Laser hybrid welding systems adapted to
identify and/or fix a weld defect occurring
during a laser hybrid welding process are
provided.
Laser hybrid welding system may include one
or more devices that provide feedback to a
controller regarding one or more weld
parameters.
Laser hybrid welding system includes sensors
that are adapted to measure the weld voltage
and/or amperage during the welding process.
3-D view durirg welding
Shielding
gas
Laser Beam
Laser-
Induced
Vapor
Plume
Laser
Keyhole
or
Vapor
Cavity
Liquid
Weld
Pool
Solidified
Weld Metal
Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding (Hybrid Welding)
The combination of two welding processes in the same weld pool
Most often GMAW and Laser Welding
Laser/MAG hybrid welding of tube-plate T-butt joints
(HY preparation) with tube wall thickness of 15.5 mm for earth
moving equipment .


For polymer welding using the transparent-absorbing overlap method diode lasers (808,
940 nm) and also cw Nd:YAG lasers (1064 nm ) are the most suitable lasers.
Diode lasers are designed with several optimal positioned single emitters as used in CD
players. An appropriate optical refocussing allows these lasers to be focussed on the same
welding spot. The technical design is very compact and costs are very attractive. Due to the
simple scalability, laser sources with only few Watts up to several thousand Watts can be
built. A wide range of different wavelengths is available, the standard wavelengths of 808
and 940 nm have the best availability at low costs. In comparison with conventional lasers
with comparable power, such as Nd:YAG lasers, the beam quality, i. e. focussability of the
laser beam, is less good. For many polymer welding applications, however, this is
sufficient, so that diode lasers can be used for these applications.
Nd:YAG lasers are solid-state lasers which have been used in industry for more than three
decades. For polymer welding, cw lasers in multi mode are used. The beam quality is
considerably better even in power-optimized versions than in comparable diode lasers.
Main applications are those with small focal diameters and scanner heads which require
high focussability. Wavelength is here 1064 nm.
LASER SELECTI ON
PRODUCTS MADE BY HYBRID LASER WELDING
The Concept Apply Pressure to Weld Layers Through a Ball Lens that Passes and Focuses the Laser Beam