WELCOME

WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORK OF

PARKING METERS
Guided by,


Presented by,

INTRODUCTION


Locating a suitable parking spot is a common challenge.

An efficient infraction detection system is required.

Parking meters deployed to collect money in exchange for the
right to park for a limited time

Wireless ad hoc networking technologies offer a new and
efficient parking solution.








EXISTING SYSTEM

There are several automated or manually systems and methods
to detect parking infractions.

It allow municipalities to implement their traffic and mobility
management policies .

conventional parking meters involve a lot of human resources
to regularly monitor this device.

Automatic detection emerged few years with embedded parking
solutions .


ARCHITECTURE

Fig: Basic Hardware Modules in automated parking meter.
DISADVANTAGES

Manual systems requires physical presence of huge human
resources (control agents).

control agents working sometimes in non comfortable weather
conditions.

Control agents are only able to cover a limited number of
vehicles especially at rush hours.

Automatic detection parking solution have certain issues.


Contd..

The cost and the covered area are still serious issues.

Covering a large area with Wi-Fi a technology makes the
system very expensive.

High energy consumption occurs.

External failures may generate system breakdown
PROPOSED SYSTEM
WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORK OF PARKING METERS
USING ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY

ZigBee technology is innovative technologies and less
expensive.

Using the ZigBee technology to detect infraction and to
monitor the elapsed time on the parking meters.

It is low cost and it enables covering large areas without need
of another network infrastructure.

Using a 12V battery which makes the system mobile and
feedable by solar panels.
Network node design and implementation
Hardware contribution

The system has a variety of integrated hardware elements.

The node includes liquid crystal display (LCD) and a sensor.

The sensor uses infrared light.





contd
A microcontroller which is the smart part of the system.
















Software challenge

software part handles both the microcontroller and the wireless
communication module.

The microcontroller is connected to the infrared sensor and coin
acceptor output.

The flow diagram is shown in following figure.


Fig: Flow diagram of the Microcontroller
Fig: Flow diagram of the wireless communication module
Ad Hoc network

The Ad Hoc networking provides high reliability and larger
range.

For the data transmission via wireless network, we opted for
ZigBee technology.

The low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries

The ZigBee communication protocol includes two sub stack
and one application layer

Fig: Network stack.
Fig: ZigBee Applications
Network Formation
Fig: Parking meter based on ZigBee Network Topology
Network Routing

The network supports mesh routing.

data to traverse multiple parking meter nodes in order to reach
the destination located in the control station.

Two types of transmission.

Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing.
Many-To-One Routing.








Fig: Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing.
Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing.
Fig: Many-To-One Routing
Many-To-One Routing
Contd..

The Zigbee modules support both transparent and API
(Application Programming Interface) communication mode.

In transparent mode, the modules act as a line replacement and
all data received is queued up for RF transmission.

In API mode all data entering and leaving the module is
contained in Packets.

API allow us supporting multiple ZigBee end devices and
routers
ADVANTAGES

No need for huge number of parking control officers to detect and
register infraction.

Faster service is provided.

Cost efficiency: the developed Zigbee based system is the less
expensive than other wireless media.

with ZigBee module, the range is better than that offered by the other
wireless transmission technology.

Real time service: the parking violation will be detected and send
simultaneously.






CONCLUSION
It is succeeded to implement the smart parking meter and the
Ad Hoc network with mesh routing.

The API packet delivery was successfully completed and the
infraction detection resulted in an automatic way.

The level of reflectivity and attenuation in the wireless
transmission is related to the snow density and weather
condition.

The system could operate with good deliverance rates in severe
conditions which allows for better results under ordinary
conditions
REFERENCES

[1] Zgaren Mohamed, Habib Hamam, wireless ad hoc network
of parking meters.
[2] P. Basu, T.D.C. Little, Networked Parking Spaces:
Architecture and Applications.
[3] Sidhu B., Singh H., and Chhabra A. (2007) "Emerging
Wireless Standards WiFi, ZigBee and WiMAX", World
Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology.
[4] P. Basu, T.D.C. Little, Wireless Ad Hoc Discovery of Parking
Meters.
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_meter.


THANK YOU