Polysemy

Distinguishing between
the various meanings of
a single word form with
several but closely
related meanings . We
use the same sound to
refer to different
concepts.
(head of a person , of a
pin or of an
organization)
Homonymy
Distinguishing between the
various meanings of a single
word form which has several
meanings which are not closely
related.(e.g. a file:used to put
papers in or a tool).I
It also refers to two or more
lexemes having the same shape.
Bank, for example, is a place
where money is kept as well as
side of a river where one can
walk or a verb meaning to rely
upon.
Homophyny
Understanding words that have
similar pronunciation but
different spelling and
meanings.(sea/see)
Homophones are often used to
create puns and to deceive the
reader (as in crossword puzzles)
or to suggest multiple meanings.
The last usage is common
in poetry and creative literature.
An example of this is seen
in Dylan Thomas's radio
play Under Milk Wood: "The
shops in mourning" where
mourning can be heard
as mourning or morning.
Synonymy
Distinguishing the various shades of
meanings that a word can express(
e.g, extend, excel ,enlarge ,
increase). Synonyms are different
words with almost identical or
similar meanings. Synonyms are
monuments to different shades of
thought . According to Oxford
Dictionary, a synonym is a word
identical and co-extensive in sense
and usage with another word.
Synonyms help writers to develop
style. When referring to the same
subject several times, students can
avoid repetition and create interest
in their writing by using synonyms.
Instead of saying "beliefs" every
time, a writer can substitute the
word with "values," "credo,"
"philosophy" or "faith" at different
times.



Antonymy
Antonymy is the sense
relation that exists
between words which are
opposite in meaning
Antonyms are words of
contrary or contrasted
meanings (opposites). For
example, antonyms for
foolish, are sensible,
rational, wise,
intelligent, sagacious,
judicious etc.
Hyponymy
Relationship between
words in which the meaning
of a specific one is included
in that of another more
general one .So , basically it
refers to the notion of
inclusion.
Hyponym is a word whose
meaning is included in that
of another word .For
example, `scarlet',
`vermilion', and `crimson'
are hyponyms of `red.
Style
Style refers to level of
formality(i.e. slang , colloquial
or , formal)as well as
humorous ,ironic ,poetic or
literary etc . Thus following
items are similar in conceptual
sense but different in style.

Children(neutral),offspring
(formal , sometimes
humorous), nippers (colloquial
, often humorous),
kids(colloquial),brats
(colloquial , derogatory)
Register
Register is the variety of
language defined by their
topic and context of use; the
language of medicine ,
education, law , sports,
computers , etc. The variety of
language according to its use is
dependent upon its function .
Thus a fat person will be
called obese in medical
terminology and inability to
sleep will be diagnosed as
insomnia. Minor or
unsound mind is a legal term
for child and insolvent is the
banking term for penniless.
Dialect
Dialect is used to describe differences in
geographical variations as well as
variation according to social class, e.g,
Scottish or Yorkshire dialects. A dialect is
generally considered to be a mutual
intelligible variety of a language . Any
dialect of English has unique features in
pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar.
Geographical dialectal varieties
sometimes result in contrasts regarding
vocabulary , such as
Sidewalk(US)=pavement(GB)
Apartment(US)=flat(GB)
Truck(US)=lorry(GB)
Wee(Scottish colloquial)=small(GB)
Gday (Australian)=hello(GB)
Accent
A distinctive mode of
pronunciation of a
language, especially one
associated with a
particular nation , locality
or social class and an
emphasis is given to a
particular syllable or
word. The term accent
mainly describes
pronunciation.
Translation Equivalents
This is a type of sense
relations which deals
with the relationship
between a lexical item
in English and its
nearest mother tongue
equivalent.
Lencre is a French word
meaning ink.
Slang
A slang is a peculiar kind of a
vagabond language . It is getting
immense popularity amongst
youngsters these days . It is
understandable only by members
belonging to that specific
community. It cant be ignored
because a slang results from
instinctive motivation for freshness
and novelty of expression, so slang
can be constantly renewed. Slang
has achieved great importance in
this modern era as compared to
past. Most of pop music consists of
slangs. The examples of slangs are
given below:
Hi don!
Whats up?
Im broke.