Advent of A National Hero

He is a unique example of
a many-splendored genius.
The greatest hero.
He was an educator,
surveyor, cartographer,
humorist, prophet,
bibliophile
Above and beyond all the
aforementioned roles he
played, he was a hero and
a political martyr.
The Birth of a Hero
He was born on June 19,
1861 at Calamba, Laguna
Province;
He was baptized in the
Catholic Church of his
town on June 22 by Father
Rufino Collantes.
His godfather was Father
Pedro Casanas.
His name was derived
from a Christian Saint
San Jose.
Rizal Parents
The heros father,
Francisco Mercado Rizal
was born in Bian, Laguna,
on May 11, 1818.
He studied Latin and
Philosophy at the College
of San Jose in Manila.
He was a tenant-farmer of
the Dominican-owned
hacienda.
He died on January 5,
1898.
Rizal Parents
Teodora Alonso Realonda
was born in Manila on
November 8, 1826.
She was educated at the
College of Santa Rosa.
She was a remarkable
woman, possessing refine
culture, literary talent,
business ability and
fortitude.
She died in Manila on
August 16, 1911, at age of
85.

The Rizal Children
1. Saturnina (18501913) oldest
of the Rizal children, she
married Manuel T.
Hidalgo.
2. Paciano (1851 1930) older
brother and confident of
Jose Rizal; he joined
Philippine Revolution
and became combat
general; died on April
13, 1930, aged 79. He
had two children by his
mistress, Severina
Decena.
The Rizal Children
3. Narcisa (1852-1939) married
Antonio Lopez, a school
teacher Morong.
4. Olimpia (1855 1887) Ypia
was her pet name,
married Silvestre
Ubaldo, a telegraph
operator from Manila.
5. Lucia (1857 1919) She
married Mariano
Herbosa.
The Rizal Children
6. Maria (1859 1945) Biang was
her nickname; she
married Daniel Faustino
Cruz of Binan, Laguna.
7. JOSE (1861 1896) Pepe was
his nickname.
8. Concepcion (1862 1865) her
pet name was Concha.
She died of sickness at
age 3.

The Rizal Children
9. Josefa (1865 1945) her pet
name was Panggoy; she
died an old maid at the
age of 80.
10. Trinidad (1868 1951) she
died also an old maid at
the age of 83.
11. Soledad (1870 1929)
youngest of the Rizal
children, married
Pantaleon Quintero of
Calamba.
Rizals Ancestry
Rizals great-great
grandfather on his fathers
side was Domingo Lameo,
a Chinese immigrant from
the Fukien city of
Changchow, who arrived in
Manila about 1690.
He became a Christian,
married well-to-do Chinese
Christian girl of Manila
named Ines de la Rosa.
In 1731 assumed the
surname Mercado.
Rizal Ancestry
Domingo and Ines had a
son, Francisco Mercado,
who resided in Binan,
married a Chinese-Filipino
meztiza, Cirila Bernacha,
and was elected
gobernadorcillo (municipal
mayor) of the town.
One of their sons, Juan
Mercado (Rizals
grandfather), married
Cirila Alejandro, a Chinese
Meztiza.
Rizals Ancestry
Capitan Juan and
Capitana Cirila had
thirteen (13) children, the
youngest being Francisco
Mercado, Rizals father.
At the age of eight,
Francisco lost his father
and grew up to manhood
under the care of his
mother.
While studying in Manila,
he met Teodora Alonso
Realonda.


Rizals Ancestry

Francisco Mercado and
Teodora Alonso Realonda
were married on June 28,
1848, after which they
settled down in Calamba,
where they engaged in
farming and business and
reared a big family.
Rizals Ancestry
It is said that Doa
Teodoras family
descended from Lakan-
Dula, the last native king
of Tondo. Her great-
grandfather (Rizals
maternal great-great
grandfather) was Eugenio
Ursua (of Japanese
ancestry), who married a
Filipina named Benigna.
Their daughter, Regina,
married Manuel de
Quintos,
Rizals Ancestry
(cont.) a Filipino-Chinese
lawyer from Pangasinan.
One of the daughters of
Attorney Quintos and
Regina was Brigida, who
married Lorenzo Alberto
Alonso, a prominent
Spanish-Filipino mestizo of
Bian.
Their children were
Narcisa, Teodora (Rizals
mother), Gregorio, Manuel,
and Jose.
A Good and Middle-Class
Family
The Rizal family belonged
to the principalia, a town
aristocracy in Spanish
Philippines.
From the farms, which
were rented from the
Dominican Order, they
harvested rice, corn, and
sugarcane. Also, they raise
pigs, chickens, and
turkeys.
A Good and Middle-Class
Family
His mother managed a
general goods store and
operated a small flour-mill
and a home-made ham
press.
Rizals parents were able
to build a large stone
house which was situated
near the town church and
to buy another one.
They owned a carriage, a
status symbol of
illustrados.

A Good and Middle-Class
Family
The family also owned a
private library (the largest
in Calamba) which
consisted of more than
1,000 volumes.
HOME LIFE OF THE RIZALS
The Rizal family had a
simple, contented, and
happy life.
Rizal children were
trained to love God, to be
obedient, and to respect
people ( old folks).

Rizals Moral Legacies for our Daily
Life
1. Love of God
2. Purity and
Idealism
3. Noble Conduct
4. Love of
Fellowmen
Rizals Moral Legacies for our Daily
Life
5. Love of
Parents
6. Charity
7. Love of
Country
8. Courage
9. Will Power
10. Honesty
11. Devotion to Truth
12. Self Sacrifice
13. Fortitude
14. Serenity
15. Self Control
16. Initiative
17. Tolerance
18. Prudence
Rizals Moral Legacies for our Daily
Life
19. Obedience
20. Courtesy &
Politeness
21. Thrift
22. Gratitude
23. Love for Justice
24. Living by
Example
Rizals Moral Legacies for our Daily
Life
Childhood Years in Calamba
Rizals natal town,
Calamba, was named
after the big jar, a fitting
cradle for a hero.
The happiest period of
Rizals life was spent in
this lakeshore town.
Calamba was a hacienda
town which belonged to
the Dominican Order,
which also owned all
lands around it.
Childhood Years in Calamba
In 1876, when he was
15 years old and was a
student in the Ateneo de
Manila, he wrote a
poem-Un Recuerdo A Mi
Pueblo (In Memory of
My Town).
I yet recall a village plain
My joy, my family, my boon,
Besides the freshly cool lagoon
The spot for which my heart
beats warm.
Earliest Childhood Memories
His father built a little
nipa cottage in the
garden for him to play in
the daytime.
The daily Angelus
prayer.
His aya (nurse maid)
related to the Rizal
children many stories
about fairies, tales of
buried treasure at the
azotea after the nightly
Rosary.
Earliest Childhood Memories
First Sorrow: Concha
died of sickness in 1865
when she was only three
years old.
At age 5 he was able to
read haltingly the
Spanish family Bible.
One of the men he
esteemed and respected
was the town pries,
Father Leoncio Lopez.
Earliest Childhood Memories
July 6, 1868, Jose and
his father left Calamba
to go on pilgrimage to
Antipolo.
It was the first trip of
Jose across Laguna de
Bay.
The Story of the Moth
Rizals favorite story.
The young moth made
the profoundest
impression on him.
Earliest Childhood Memories
Artistic talent: At the
age of five (5), he began
to make sketches with
his pencil and to mold in
clay and wax objects
which attracted his
fancy.
He painted in oil colors a
new banner that
replaced the religious
banner which was
always used during the
town fiesta.
Earliest Childhood Memories
One interesting
anecdote about Rizal
was the incident about
his clay and wax images.
He was about six years
old then, his sisters
laughed at him for
spending so much time
making those images.
All right laugh at me now!
Someday when I die, people will
make monuments and images of
me!
Earliest Childhood Memories
First Poem by Rizal: Sa
Aking Mga Kababata (To
My Fellow Children). He
wrote his first poem at
the age of eight.
The poem reveals Rizals
earliest nationalist
sentiment.
First drama of Rizal
which was a Tagalog
comedy.
Earliest Childhood Memories
Rizal as Boy Magician.
He learned various
tricks, such as making a
coin appear or
disappear.
He also entertained his
town folks with magic-
lantern exhibitions.
He also gained skill in
manipulating
marionettes (puppet
shows).

Earliest Childhood Memories
INFLUENCES IN THE
HEROS BOYHOOD
1. Hereditary Influence:
From his Malayan
ancestors, Rizal
inherited his love for
freedom, his innate
desire to travel, and his
courage.
From his Chinese
ancestors, he derived his
serious nature, frugality,
Earliest Childhood Memories
Cont. Chinese ancestors
patience, and love for
children.
From his Spanish
ancestors, he got his
elegance for bearing,
sensitivity to insult, and
gallantry to ladies.
From his father he inherited
a profound sense of self-
respect, the love for work,
and the habit of
independent thinking.
Earliest Childhood Memories
He inherited from his
mother his religious
nature, the spirit of self-
sacrifice, and the
passion for arts and
literature.
2. ENVIRONMENTAL
INFLUENCE
It includes places,
associates, and events.
The scenic beauties of Calamba
and the beautiful garden of the
Rizals stimulated the inborn
artistic and literary talents of
Rizal.
Earliest Childhood Memories
The religious
atmosphere at his home
fortified his religious
nature.
His brother Paciano,
instilled in his mind the
love for freedom and
justice.
From his sisters, he
learned to be courteous
and kind to women.

Earliest Childhood Memories
Influences of his 3 uncles:
Tio Jose Alberto inspired
him to develop his artistic
ability.
Tio Manuel encourage him
to develop his frail body by
means of physical exercises,
including horse riding,
walking, and wrestling.
Tio Gregorio intensified his
voracious reading of good
books.
Earliest Childhood Memories
Fr. Leoncio Lopez,
fostered Rizals love for
scholarship and
intellectual honesty.
Death of Concha
contributed to
strengthen his
character, enabling him
to resist blows of
adversity in later years.
The Spanish brutalities
and cruelties awakened
his spirit of patriotism.
Earliest Childhood Memories
In 1872, the execution
of Fathers Gomez,
Burgos, and Zamora
inspired him to
consecrate his life and
talents to redeem his
oppressed people.
3. AID OF DIVINE
PROVIDENCE
Greater than heredity and
environment in the fate of
man is the aid of Divine
Providence.
EARLY EDUCATION
FIRST TEACHER: His mother.
On her lap, he learned at age 3
the alphabet and the prayers.
She encouraged him to write
poems;
She related many stories to
stimulate her sons
imagination.
His parents employed private
tutors to give him lessons at
home.
EARLY EDUCATION
RIZALS PRIVATE TUTORS:
Maestro Celestino
Maestro Lucas Padua
Leon Monroy a former
classmate of Rizals father
who instructed Jose in
Spanish and Latin;
RIZAL GOES TO Bian:
June, 1869 Jose
accompanied by Paciano
left Calamba for Bian.
EARLY EDUCATION
Maestro Justiniano Aquino
Cruz owned the school in
Bian which was a small
nipa hut.
Pedro the teachers son, a
bully who challenged Rizal
for a fight and was defeated
by the small and younger
Calamba boy.
Andres Salandanan a
classmate who defeated him
in arm-wrestling.
EARLY EDUCATION
Spartan an adjective which
means marked by strict self-
discipline and avoidance of
comfort and luxury.
In academic studies, Jose beat
all Bian boys. He surpassed
them all in Spanish, Latin, and
other subjects.
On December 17, 1870 after
one year and a half of
schooling he boarded on the
steamer TALIM to Calamba.
Ateneo de Manila (1872-1877)
Jesuits System of
Education more
advanced than other
colleges.
It trained the character of
the student by rigid
discipline and religious
instruction.
It promoted physical
culture, humanities, and
scientific discipline.
Students are divided into
two groups:

Ateneo de Manila
1. Roman Empire (internos)
2. Carthaginian Empire
(externos)
March 23, 1877
Commencement Day
First Romance: Segunda
Katigbak from Binan
He graduated with the
highest honor
Sobresaliente or
Outstanding
UST (1877-1882)
April 1877 Rizal
matriculated in the UST,
taking the course on
Philosophy and Letters.
He took vocational course-
for the title perit
agrimensor.
At the age of 17, he
passed the final
examination but title was
issued to him on
November 25, 1881.
Romance with other Girls:
Miss L
UST
When he was a freshman
at UST he experienced his
first taste of Spanish
brutality during his
vacation (summer of
1878).
Unhappy days at UST:
Dominican professors are
hostile to him.
Filipino students were
racially discriminated
against Spaniards.
Method of instructions was
obsolete and repressive.
SPAIN (1882 1885)
May 3, 1882 Rizal departed on
board of the Spanish steamer
Salvadora bound for
Singapore.
May 11, 1882 Rizal
transferred to another ship
Djemnah bound for Europe.
June 16, 1882 He reached his
destination Barcelona.
November 3, 1882 Rizal
enrolled at Universidad
Central de Madrid
SPAIN
Romance with Consuelo y
Perez.
June 17 August 20, 1883
Rizals sojourn in Paris.
March 1883 he joined the
Masonic lodge called
Acacia in Madrid.
November 15, 1890he
became a Master Mason of
Lodge Solidaridad.
SPAIN
June 24, 1884 he was a
guest speaker in a
banquet held in honor of
Juan Luna and Felix
Resurreccion Hidalgo.
November 20, 21, & 22,
1884 Madrid explode in
bloody riot by the student
of Central University.
June 21, 1884 He
conferred the degree of
Licentiate in Medicine
BERLIN (1885 1887)
November 1885
February 1886 He
worked as an assistant to
Dr. Louis de Weckert,
leading French
Ophthalmologists.
February 1, 1886 Rizal
went to Germany.
February 3, 1886 Rizal
arrived at Heidelberg.
1886 Rizals darkest
winter
BERLIN
Harriet Beecher Stowes,
Uncle Toms Cabin
inspired Rizal to prepare
the novel depicting the
miseries of his people.
January 2, 1884 reunion
of Filipinos in the Paterno
residence where Rizal
proposed the writing of a
novel unanimously
approved.
BERLIN
February 21, 1887 Noli
was finally finished and
ready for printing.
March 21, 1887 Noli
came off the press.
Printing press Berliner
Buchdruckrei-Action-
Gesselschaft.
The title Noli Me Tangere
means Touch Me Not.
Derived from the gospel of
St. John Chapter 20 verses
13-17
BERLIN
March 29, 1887 Rizal
gave a token of his
appreciation which is
galley proofs of Noli.
First copies of the novel
were given to Blumentritt,
Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor,
G. Lopez Jaena, Mariano
Ponce, and Felix R.
Hidalgo.
May 3, 1887 hailed Noli
Me Tangere.
Grand Tour in Europe (1887)
May 11, 1887 Rizal and
Viola left Berlin by train to
Dresden.
Floral exposition, they
visited Dr. Adolph B.
Meyer, they also visited
the Museum of Art.
May 13, 1887 They
arrived at Leitmeritz,
Bohemia to meet
Blumentritt.
May 16, 1887 Rizal left
Leitmeritz.
Grand Tour in Europe (1887)
Historic City of Prague to
meet Dr. Willkomm,
professor of natural
history in the University of
Prague.
They visited the tomb of
Copernicus, the famous
astronomer; the museum
of natural history; the
bacteriological
laboratories; and the cave
where San Juan
Nepomuceno the
Catholic Saint.
Grand Tour in Europe (1887)
VIENNA May 20, 1887
They met Norfenfals, one
of the greatest novelists in
Europe.
Rizal received his lost
diamond stickpin which he
lost in Leitmeritz.
They visited churches,
museums, art galleries,
theaters, and public parks.
Grand Tour in Europe (1887)
May 24, 1887 Rizal and
Viola left Vienna on a river
boat to see the beautiful
sights of the Danube
River.
The river voyage ended in
Lintz. They taste the
famous Munich beer, saw
the torture machine,
visited doll manufacturing
place, and they visited
Ulm the city cathedral.
Grand Tour in Europe (1887)
June 2-3, 1887 They
stayed at Schaffhausen,
Switzerland.
They visited Geneva
boarded on a little boat
crossing the Leman Lake.
June 19, 1887 Rizal
treated Viola to blow-out.
June 23, 1887 They
parted ways Viola
returned to Barcelona
while Rizal continued the
tour to Italy.

Grand Tour in Europe (1887)
Rizal resents Exhibition of
Igorots in 1887 Madrid
Exposition.
ITALY He visited Turin,
Milan, Venice, and
Florence.
June 27, 1887 He
reached Rome, the
Eternal City and also
called City of Caesars.
June 29, 1887 Feast of St.
Peter and St. Paul, He
visited the Vatican City.
First Homecoming, 1887-88
He was determined to
return to the Philippines
for the following reasons:
To operate on his mothers
eyes
To serve his people who had
long been oppressed by
Spanish tyrants;
To find out for himself how
Noli and his other writings
were affecting Filipinos &
Spaniards;
To inquire why Leonor
Rivera remained silent.
First Homecoming, 1887-88
July 3, 1887 He boarded the
steamer Djemnah.
July 30, 1887 He transferred
to another steamer Haiphong.
August 8, 1887 his returned to
Calamba.
Doctor Uliman the name
given to Rizal because he
came from Germany.
Rizal received a letter from
Governor General Emilio
Terrero requesting him to
come to Malacaang.

First Homecoming, 1887-88
Archbishop of Manila, Msgr.
Pedro Payo sent a copy of
Noli to Father Gregorio
Echavarria of UST for
examination of the faculty.
Report: scandalous in the
religious order, anti-patriotic,
subversive of public or public
order, injurious to the
government of Spain and its
function in Phil. Islands in
the political order.
First Homecoming, 1887-88
Don Jose Taviel de
Andrade was assigned by
the Governor General as
bodyguard of Rizal
Governor General Terrero
sent a copy of Noli to the
Permanent Commission of
Censorship which was
composed of priests and
laymen.
First Homecoming, 1887-88
December 29, 1887 Fr.
Salvador Font submitted a
report with the
recommendation that the
importation, reproduction
and circulation of Noli be
absolutely prohibited.
February 3, 1888 on board
of Zafiro, Rizal left Manila
for Hong Kong.