DEFINITION

TOPIC OUTLINE
1. Introduction
1.1 History
1.2 Function of a transformer
2. Further Definition
2.1 Electric Voltage
2.2 Electric Current
2.3 Electric Power
2.4 Electromagnetic Induction
3. Basic Principle
4. Causation
5. Physical Description
6. Analysis
6.1 Core
6.2 Primary Winding
6.3 Secondary Winding
6.4 Enclosure


HISTORY
History is marked by a series of great inventions that have
swept across society, acting as stepping stones in the
emergence of the modern world. Most people
would agree that fire, the wheel, modern transportation
and communication systems, culminating with
the Internet all have a place on this list. Maybe less obvious
but equally pivotal is the large-scale transmission and
delivery of electrical energy over long distances. This
breakthrough that would not have been possible without
the transformer.

FUNCTION
Transformers are used in all types of electronic
equipment, to raise and lower AC voltages.

FURTHER DEFINITION
Electric Voltage the cost in energy rquired to move a
unit of positive charge from the more negative point to
the more positive point;
Electric Current the rate of flow of electric charge
past a point;
Electric Power power is the rate at
which electric energy is transferred by an
electric circuit;
Electromagnetic Induction is the production of an
electromotive force across a conductor when it is
exposed to a varying magnetic field;

BASIC PRINCIPLE
A transformer simply transfers electric power from
one coil to another by magnetic induction.

CAUSATION
Due to the high cost of transmitting electricity at low
voltage and high current levels, transformers fulfill a
most important role in electrical distribution systems.
Utilities distribute electricity over large areas using
high voltages, commonly called transmission voltages.
Transmission voltages are normally in the 35,000 volt
to 50,000 volt range. We know that volts times amps
equals watts, and that wires are sized based upon their
ability to carry amps. High voltage allows the utility to
use small sizes of wire to transmit high levels of power,
or watts.

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Two coils of wire (called windings) are wound on some
type of core material. In some cases the coils of wire
are wound on a cylindrical or rectangular cardboard
form. In effect, the core material is air and the
transformer is called an AIR-CORE TRANSFORMER.
Transformers used at low frequencies, such as 60 hertz
and 400 hertz, require a core of low-reluctance
magnetic material, usually iron. This type of
transformer is called an IRON-CORE TRANSFORMER.
Most power transformers are of the iron-core type.
ANALYSIS
The CORE, which provides a path for the magnetic
lines of flux.
The PRIMARY WINDING, which receives energy from
the ac source.
The SECONDARY WINDING, which receives energy
from the primary winding and delivers it to the load.
The ENCLOSURE, which protects the above
components from dirt, moisture, and mechanical
damage.