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Introduction to .

NET Framework
.NET What Is It?
Software platform
Language neutral
In other words:
.NET is not a language (Runtime and a library for
writing and executing written programs in any
compliant language)
What Is .NET
.Net is a new framework for developing web-
based and windows-based applications within
the Microsoft environment.
The framework offers a fundamental shift in
Microsoft strategy: it moves application
development from client-centric to server-
centric.

.NET What Is It?
Operating System + Hardware
.NET Framework
.NET Application
Base Class Library
Common Language Specification
Common Language Runtime
ADO.NET: Data and XML
VB VC++ VC#
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ASP.NET: Web Services
and Web Forms
JScript
Windows
Forms
Framework, Languages, And Tools
The .NET Framework
.NET Framework Services
Common Language Runtime
Windows

Forms
ASP.NET
Web Forms
Web Services
ADO.NET, evolution of ADO
Visual Studio.NET
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
CLR works like a virtual machine in executing all
languages.
All .NET languages must obey the rules and
standards imposed by CLR. Examples:
Object declaration, creation and use
Data types,language libraries
Error and exception handling
Interactive Development Environment (IDE)

Common Language Runtime

Development
Mixed language applications
Common Language Specification (CLS)
Common Type System (CTS)
Standard class framework
Automatic memory management
Consistent error handling and safer execution
Potentially multi-platform
Deployment
Removal of registration dependency
Safety fewer versioning problems
Common Language Runtime
Multiple Language Support
CTS is a rich type system built into the
CLR
Implements various types (int, double, etc)
And operations on those types
CLS is a set of specifications that language
and library designers need to follow
This will ensure interoperability between
languages
Compilation in .NET
Code in VB.NET Code in C#
Code in another
.NET Language
VB.NET compiler C# compiler
Appropriate
Compiler
IL(Intermediate
Language) code
CLR just-in-time
execution
Intermediate Language (IL)
.NET languages are not compiled to machine code.
They are compiled to an Intermediate Language (IL).

CLR accepts the IL code and recompiles it to machine
code. The recompilation is just-in-time (JIT)
meaning it is done as soon as a function or
subroutine is called.

The JIT code stays in memory for subsequent calls.
In cases where there is not enough memory it is
discarded thus making JIT process interpretive.

Languages
Languages provided by MS
VB, C++, C#, J#, JScript
Third-parties are building
APL, COBOL, Pascal, Eiffel, Haskell, ML,
Oberon, Perl, Python, Scheme, Smalltalk
Windows Forms
Framework for Building Rich Clients
RAD (Rapid Application Development)
Rich set of controls
Data aware
ActiveX

Support
Licensing
Accessibility
Printing support
Unicode support
UI inheritance
ASP.NET
ASP.NET,the platform services that allow to
program Web Applications and Web Services in any
.NET language

ASP.NET Uses .NET languages to generate HTML
pages. HTML page is targeted to the capabilities of
the requesting Browser

ASP.NET Program is compiled into a .NET class
and cached the first time it is called. All subsequent
calls use the cached version.
ASP.NET Web Forms
Allows clean cut code
Code-behind Web Forms
Easier for tools to generate
Code within is compiled then executed
Improved handling of state information
Support for ASP.NET server controls
Data validation
Data bound grids
ASP.NET Web Services
A technical definition
A programmable application component accessible
via standard Web protocols
Web Services
It is just an application
that exposes its features and
capabilities over the network
using XML
to allow for the creation of powerful
new applications that are more than the
sum of their parts
ADO.NET
(Data and XML)
New objects (e.g., DataSets)
Separates connected / disconnected issues
Language neutral data access
Uses same types as CLR
Great support for XML
Visual Studio.NET
Development tool that contains a rich set of
productivity and debugging features
Summary
The .NET Framework
Dramatically simplifies development and
deployment
Provides robust and secure execution environment
Supports multiple programming languages
Comparison between
J2EE and .NET
Comparison between J2EE and .NET Architectures
J2EE and .NET
Execution Engine
J2EE
Java source code compiles into machine-
independent byte code
Runtime Environment : JVM
.NET
Any compliant language compiles into MSIL
Runtime environment : CLR

Both JVM and CLR ,support services, such as code
verification, memory management via garbage
collection, and code security


J2EE and .NET
Cross Platform Portability

J2EE
Platform Independent
JDK should exist on target machine
.NET
Supports Windows platform
CLR should exist on target machine
Can support other platforms provided it has its own
JIT complier

J2EE and .NET
Language Support

J2EE
Tied to Java
Supports other languages via interface technology
.NET
Language independent
Supports any language if mapping exists from that
language to IL
Java Beans

Definitions
A reusable software component that can be
manipulated visually in a builder tool. (from
JavaBean Specification)
The JavaBeans API provides a framework for
defining reusable, embeddable, modular
software components.
Intro to JavaBeans
What are JavaBeans?
Software components written in Java
Connect and Configure Components
Builder Tools allow connection and
configuration of Beans

The JavaBeans API
Features implemented as extensions to standard
Java Class Library
Main Component Services
GUI merging
Persistence
Event Handling
Introspection
Application Builder Support
User Interface Merging
Containers usually have Menus and/or toolbars
Allows components to add features to the menus
and/or toolbars
Define mechanism for interface layout between
components and containers
Persistence
Components can be stored and retrieved
Default inherit serialization
Can define more complex solutions based on
needs of the components

Event Handling
Defines how components interact
Java AWT event model serves as basis for the
event handling APIs
Provides a consistent way for components to
interact with each other

Introspection
Defines techniques so components can
expose internal structure at design time
Allows development tools to query a
component to determine member variables,
methods, and interfaces
Standard naming patterns used
Based on java.lang.reflect

Application Builder Support
Provides support for manipulating and editing
components at design time
Used by tools to provide layout and customizing
during design
Should be separate from component
Not needed at run time
Creating a JavaBean
Requirements for a simple Bean
Packaging Bean in a JAR file
Additional Information BeanInfo
Defining property editors
Defining Bean customizers
Naming Conventions
Bean NON Requirements
No Bean Superclass
Visible interface not required
Invisible Beans (timer, random number
generator, complex calculation)

Bean Requirements
Introspection
Exports: properties, methods, events
Properties
Subset of components internal state
Methods
Invoked to execute component code
Events (If any needed)
Notification of a change in state
User activities (typing, mouse actions, )



Bean Requirements
Customization
Developer can change appearance
Persistence
Save current state so it can be reloaded
Other properties
Indexed properties
Array value with get and set elements
Bound properties
Triggers event when value changed
Constrained properties
Triggers event when value changes and allows
listeners to veto the change
The beanbox
Primary task is setting property values
Property editors for common types
Set Font
Set background/foreground colors
Set numeric values
Set string values
Creating a Bean
Usually extends Canvas (New window)
Can extend Component (lightweight)
Needs constructor with no arguments
Paint() method used to display
getPreferredSize(), getMinimumSize()
For layout manager defaults
get and set methods for each property
Packaging the Bean
Create a JAR file (JavaARchive)
Patterned after tar utility
Create stub manifest
Name: smith/proj/beans/BeanName.class
Java-Bean: True
(forward slashes even under Windows!)
Installing the Bean

Beanbox: copy jar file to /jars directory within
the BDK directory

Different depending on tool used

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