King Fahd University of

Petroleum & Minerals

Mechanical Engineering
Dynamics ME 201
B
Dr! Meyassar "! #l$%addad
&ecture ' 1(

Chapter 14
Kinetics of a Particle ; Work & Energy

Objectives

To develop the principle of work and energy and

apply it solve problems that involve force, velocity,
and displacement.

To study problems that involve power and

efficiency.

To introduce the concept of a conservative force

and apply the theorem of conservation of energy
to solve kinetic problems.

Work of a Force
F
S
U = F . S
F
U = (F cos ) . S

Work of a Weight
) (
2 1
y W U =

nt. displaceme vertical its

times weight s particle' the of magnitude

Work of a Spring Force
)
2
1
2
1
(
2
1
2
2 2 1
ks ks U =

Work and Energy relation

= +
2 2 1 1
T U T
Initial .! " #ork $one % &inal .!
)
2
1
( ] ) (
2
1
[ )
2
1
(
2
2
2
2
1
mv mv
Ns y W ks Fs
k
= +

Power and Efficiency
'ower is defined as the amount of work performed per unit time.
(rate of downing work)
*echanical !fficiency +
v F
r
F
r F
= =

= =
dt
d
dt
d
dt
dU
P
W
s lb ft hp
s J s m N W
746
!!" 1

=
=
= =
input energ#
output energ#
input power
output power
) ( %fficienc# = = 1

lb . T
.
T
ma T W
ma F
C
C y
& '(
) 2 (
2 '2
7!
2 7!
2
=
=
=
=

hp P
s ft Ib P
Tv P
14! . " !!" 6 . 7(
. 6 . 7( 2 & . '(
= =
= =
= = v T
!,ample -./0
s ft v
s ft a
Ib W
P
p
p
in
2
4
7!
)
&! . "
2
=
=
=
=
=
2
2
2
1
2
2
ft/s a a
a a
l s s
P C
P C
P C
= =
=
= +
) ( 17 . " &! . "
14! . "
hp P
P P
P
in
in in
out
= = = =

14. Conser!ati!e Forces and Potential Energy
1onservative &orce+ independent of the path
!,ample weight 2 spring force
The work done by the frictional and applied force
/3 depends on the path
/3 non/conservative/3 the work is dissipated 4heat5
'otential !nergy+ (capacity for doing work)
!nergy comes from the motion /3 inetic energy
!nergy comes from the position/3 'otential energy

6ravitational potential !nergy :
Wy V
g
=
2
2
1
ks V

+ =
!lastic potential energy :
do!n y
up y

+

2
2
1
ks Ws V V V
g
+ = + =
'otential &unction+ particle subjective to both gravitational and elastic force
) (
2
1
) (
)
2
1
( )
2
1
(
* +or,
2
1
2
2 1 2
2
2 2
2
1 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
ks ks s s W
ks Ws ks Ws V V U
V V U
=
+ + = =
=

Conser!ation of "echanical Energy

+ = +
2 2 1 1
V T V T
2 . 2 1 2 1 1
- ) ( ) .( T U V V T
non"ons
= + +

2 2 1 1
V T V T + = +
2
2
1
mv T =
2
2
1
s k y W V + =
&or a system of 'articles

= +
2 2 1 1
T U T

1
2
'
[ ] Wh gh
g
W
W v
g
W
V T # =

= + = + =
2
2
' ' ' '
2
2
1
"
2
1
!,ample
Wh Wh V T # = + = + = "
1 1 1
Wh Wh gh
g
W
#
gh
h
g v $ y %y a v v
h
W v
g
W
V T #
C
= + =
= = + =
+ = + =
2
1
2
1
2
2 2
2 2
1
2
"
2
"
2
2
2 2 2 2

N mg T
mg T
ma F
n n
14( ! . 1' 4"" 1! cos
2"
! . 1'
&""" 1! cos
2
2
= + =
=
=

)
1!
) "
6"
&"""
2
2 1
1
=
=
= =
=
=
T
v v
&st at
kg m
o
o

!,ample -./7
2 2 1 1
V T V T + = +
s m v
g
g v
g v g
! . 1'
&' . 1&2 46!( . " 4"
) 6" cos 1! (cos 2" &"""
4"""
1
1! cos 2" &""" &"""
2
1
6" cos 2" &""" "
2
2
2
2
2
=
= =
=
=

8eview

!,ample -./9

!,ample -./-:

!,ample -./--