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MYCOLOGY
Mr. Christophher Tia
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Usually causes disease in plants and animals
Produce no toxins but cause hypersensitivity
(allergic reactions), chronic tissue granuloma,
necrosis, abscess
Structure:
Hyphae: long, branching filaments, septated
Mycelium has 2 parts:
Aerial – projects above the surface
Vegetative – below the surface, absorbs food
Reproduce by forming asexual spores (conidia)
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Diagnosis
Directmicroscopic examination
Culture
Serological test
Management
Amphotericin B (AMB)
Nystatin
Griseofulvin
Imidazoles (Miconazole, Ketoconazole,
Clotrimazole, Fluconazole)
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Superficial/Cutaneous Mycosis
Invades superficial, keratinized tissues
(hair, skin, nails)
aka dermatophytes or keratophiles
Causes ringworms
3 groups:
Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans
Microsporum
Epidermophyton flocolossum (skin & nails
only)
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Pathogenesis:
Tinea corporis - body
Tinea pedis - feet
Tinea cruris – genital area & groin (“jock itch”)
Tinea manus - hands
Tinea capitis - scalp
Tinea barbae - beard
Tinea unguum - nails
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Other Cutaneous Mycosis
Tinea flava or Tinea versicolor
Locally
known as an-an
Caused by Malazzesia furfur
Treatment: 1% selenium sulfide every other day
Tinea nigra
Caused by Exophila wernickii
Blackish, macular area on plums and soles
Removed mechanically or chemically
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Piedra
Black, hard nodules formed around hair shaft
Caused by Piedra hortae (in scalp)
Caused by Trichosporum cutaneum (in
axillary hair, pubic hair, beard, scalp)
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Systemic Mycosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Caused by Coccidioides imitis
Transmitted by inhalation of spores causing
influenza-like or tuberculosis-like symptoms
aka Posada’s disease, San Joaquin Valley
Fever
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Coccidioides immitis
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Histoplasmosis
Caused by Histoplasma capsulatum
Acquired by inhalation of conidia
Causes cavitary lesions in the lungs (TB like)
Management: Amphotericin B
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Histoplasma capsulatum
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Blastomycosis
Caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis
Usually mild and self limiting
Involves the skin when disseminated causing
ulcerated, verrucous granulomas
aka Chicago’s disease, Gilchrist’s disease
Management: ketoconazole
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Blastomyces dermatitidis
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Blastomyces dermatitidis
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Paracoccidioidomycosis
Caused by Paracoccidioides braziliensis
Predominantly in Latin America
Inhalation of spores primarily affecting the
lungs
May become disseminated
Management: Ketoconazole
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Opportunistic Mycoses
Candidiasis
Caused by Candida albicans
Normal flora of the respiratory tract, GIT,
female genital tract
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Candida albicans
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Cryptococcosis
Caused by Cryptococcus neoformans
Inhalation of spores from fungal growth in
pigeon droppings
May infect lungs but the patient is
asymptomatic
Symptoms appear when the CNS is involved
(meningitis)
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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6. Cryptococcus Neoformans
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Aspergillosis
Caused by Aspergillus fumigatus or A. flavum
Found in decaying vegetation
Aspergillus may produce aflatoxin in food and
acan acuse liver cancer
“Fungus balls” are pathognomonic of
pulmonary aspergillosis
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Aspergillus fumigatus
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• Genus/Species: Aspergillus fumjigatus • Title: Uniseriate fruiting heads
• Image Type: Microscopic Morphology • Disease(s): Aspergillosis
• Legend: Smooth conidiophores, dome-shaped vesicles, and a row of phialides (uniseriate) bearing smooth conidia in
a columnar fashion. Nomarski optics, 450X.
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Aspergillus flavus
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Aspergillus flavus
• Legend: Rough conidiophore, globose vesicle, metulae, phialides, and smooth conidia of A. flavus.
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Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis,
Phycomycosis)
Caused by Mucor sp. and Rhizopus sp.
Invades and proliferates in the blood vessel
walls leading to thrombosis
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Rhizopus oryzae
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Rhizopus microsporus var rhizopodiformis
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Rhizopus sp.
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