PRESENTATION ON

POLLUTION
PRESENTED BY :-
ABHINANDAN SINGH



UNDER GUIDANCE :-
MONIKA MAM (Asst. proffesor)
3
Solid
Waste
Air
Water
Pollution
What kinds of pollution are there?
4

POLLUTION
WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?
5
Industry-
Water pollution
6
Chimney-
Steam and smoke-
Air pollution
7
SOLID WASTE
POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
9
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What
happened
to the
clean air?
WHAT IS AIR POLLUTION?
contamination of the
air by noxious gases
and minute particles
of solid and liquid
matter (particulates) in
concentrations that
endanger health
Air pollution only
occurs outdoors

Any visible or invisible particle or gas found in the
air that is not part of the original, normal
composition.

AQI: Air Quality Index
Indicates whether pollutant levels in air may cause health concerns.
Ranges from 0 (least concern) to 500 (greatest concern)
Sulfur Dioxide
produced when coal and fuel oil are
burned
present in power plant exhaust
narrows the airway, causing wheezing and
shortness of breath, especially in those with
asthma



Nitrogen Dioxide
reddish, brown gas
produced when nitric oxide
combines with oxygen in the
atmosphere
present in car exhaust and power
plants
affects lungs and causes wheezing;
increases chance of respiratory
infection
Particulate Matter
particles of different sizes and structures that are
released into the atmosphere
present in many sources including fossil fuels,
dust, smoke, fog, etc.
can build up in respiratory system
aggravates heart and lung disease; increases risk
of respiratory infection

Ground Level Ozone
at upper level, ozone shields Earth from suns harmful
UV rays
at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants
formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust
irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung
function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

WHATS IN SMOG
particulates
(especially lead)
nitrous oxides
potassium
Carbon monoxide
Other toxic chemicals



SOURCES OF OUTSIDE AIR POLLUTION
Combustion of gasoline and
other hydrocarbon fuels in cars,
trucks, and airplanes
Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal,
and dinosaur bones)
Insecticides
Herbicides
Everyday radioactive fallouts
Dust from fertilizers
Mining operations
Livestock feedlots

A major form of air pollution is emissions given
off by vehicles.

The number of cars in EU has doubled
between 1970 and 1994 3% per year

SOURCES OF INDOOR POLLUTION
Efficient insulation
Bacteria
Molds and mildews
Viruses
animal dander and cat saliva
plants
house dust
Mites
Cockroaches
pollen
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6

EFFECTS OF AIR
POLLUTION
Health problems
Damage to the environment
Damage to property
Thinning of the protective
ozone layer of the atmosphere
which is leading to climate changes
EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Acid rain
Ozone depletion
Global warming
In human population-
respiratory problems,
allergies, strengthens
lugs, and a risk for
cancer

ACID RAIN
contains high levels of sulfuric
or nitric acids
contaminate drinking water and
vegetation
damage aquatic life
erode buildings
Alters the chemical equilibrium
of some soils
URBAN EMISSIONS
There are small emissions of NO
x
from industrial
processes
The main emissions are from combustion.
There is negligible nitrogen in gasoline or diesel fuels so
the nitrogen oxides arise from the N
2
and O
2
in the air.
Sulphur dioxides arise from the sulphur present in most
fuels.
Particulate matter describes matter below 10m
aerodynamic diameter.
ROLE OF ENGINES AND FUEL
Different engines and fuel combinations give out
different emissions in different quantities.


Some engines have catalysts which effectively
remove part of the harmful gases.
MULTI-POLLUTANT/MULTI-EFFECT ANALYSIS
FOR IDENTIFYING COST-EFFECTIVE POLICY
SCENARIOS
SO
2
NO
x
VOC NH
3
PM
Health Acidification
Eutrophication
Ozone
RAINS
computer model
CAFE policy targets for 2020
37

Stop
polluting
the air!
Leave us
alone!
How Why
A cloud of smoke
from the exhaust of
a vehicle
Increasing traffic
Smoke from a
factory chimney
Growing cities
Eruption of a
volcano
Rapid economic
development
Cigarette smoke Industrialization
Burning leaves Apathetic people
Air Pollution
Solutions
Encourage your family
to walk more
Take the school bus
Reduce the amount of
spray bottles
Do not burn leaves in
your yard- put them in
a compost

Keep your family cars
in tune
Put catalytic converters
on cars
Share your room with
others when the air
conditioner is on
Take care of your trees
Water Pollution
41


Ouch!What
happened to
my home?!
Water Pollution
WATER QUALITY DEFINITIONS
Contaminant - any constituent in the water
deleterious to a particular end use regardless
of its origin and whether it occurs in the
watershed, source or in a water supply
system
Pollutant - any constituent in the water
source deleterious to a particular end use that
is of anthropogenic origin
Pollutant = subset of contaminant
WATER POLLUTION
Any chemical, biological and physical change
in water quality that has a harmful effect on
living organisms or makes it unusable for
agriculture
The massive quantity of pollutants produced by > 6
billion humans, their machines, plants, animals
The limited supply of fresh liquid water into which
most water-destined pollutants are discharged
The growing number of technological pollutants
released into the environment, i.e. manufactured
synthetic materials

Types and Sources of
Pollution
Pollution of Streams and Lakes
Ocean Pollution
Groundwater Pollution
Drinking Water Quality
Waste Water Treatment
Water Legislation
Point sources (e.g., factories, sewage
treatment plants, mines, oil wells, oil tankers)
Nonpoint sources (e.g., acid deposition,
substances picked up in runoff, seepage into
groundwater)
Agriculture is largest source of water
pollution in the U.S. (64% of pollutants into
streams and 57% of pollutants entering
lakes)
Sources of Pollution
Water Pollution








How
Toxic substances
dissolve in water or
gets deposited on the
bed.
Toxic substances enter
lakes, rivers, streams,
etc.
Pollutants go down into
the ground.
Sources
City sewage
Industrial waste
Agricultural run-off


EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

Devastating to
people and animals,
fish, and birds.
Unsuitable for
drinking, recreation,
agriculture, and
industry.
Destroys water life.




Keep lakes clean
Take your used motor oil to a drop off place
Use latex paint instead of oil and rinse your brushes
in the sink rather than the yard
Fill a spray bottle with soapy water instead of bug spray
Plant trees to prevent soil erosion
Keep litter, pet waste, leaves, and grass clippings out
of gutters and storm drains.
Water Solutions
NOISE POLLUTION
WHAT IS NOISE POLLUTION?
Sound that is unwanted or disrupts ones quality of life is
called as noise. When there is lot of noise in the
environment, it is termed as noise pollution.

Sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs the normal
activities such as working, sleeping, and during
conversations.

It is an underrated environmental problem because of the
fact that we cant see, smell, or taste it.

World Health Organization stated that Noise must be
recognized as a major threat to human well-being
HEALTH EFFECTS
According to the USEPA, there are direct links between noise
and health. Also, noise pollution adversely affects the lives of
millions of people.

Noise pollution can damage physiological and psychological
health.

High blood pressure, stress related illness, sleep disruption,
hearing loss, and productivity loss are the problems related to
noise pollution.

It can also cause memory loss, severe depression, and panic
attacks.
SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION
Transportation systems are the main source of noise pollution
in urban areas.

Construction of buildings, highways, and streets cause a lot of
noise, due to the usage of air compressors, bulldozers,
loaders, dump trucks, and pavement breakers.

Industrial noise also adds to the already unfavorable state of
noise pollution.

Loud speakers, plumbing, boilers, generators, air conditioners,
fans, and vacuum cleaners add to the existing noise pollution.
SOLUTIONS FOR NOISE POLLUTION
Planting bushes and trees in and around sound generating
sources is an effective solution for noise pollution.

Regular servicing and tuning of automobiles can effectively
reduce the noise pollution.

Buildings can be designed with suitable noise absorbing
material for the walls, windows, and ceilings.

Workers should be provided with equipments such as ear
plugs and earmuffs for hearing protection.
SOLUTIONS FOR NOISE POLLUTION
Similar to automobiles, lubrication of the machinery and
servicing should be done to minimize noise generation.

Soundproof doors and windows can be installed to block
unwanted noise from outside.

Regulations should be imposed to restrict the usage of
play loudspeakers in crowded areas and public places.

Factories and industries should be located far from the
residential areas.
SOLUTIONS FOR NOISE POLLUTION
Community development or urban management should
be done with long-term planning, along with an aim to
reduce noise pollution.

Social awareness programs should be taken up to educate
the public about the causes and effects of noise pollution.
TECHNIQUES
FOR
IMPROVEMENT
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Ride your bike

Tell your friends and family about pollution

Make sure your parents get pollution checks on their cars

Ride the school bus


Learn more; stay up to date

Join a group to stop pollution

Encourage your parents to carpool to work

Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you leave the
room