PRESENTATION ON EXCITATION SYSTEM

PURPOSE OF EXCITATION SYSTEM

The basic purpose of an excitation system is to
provide direct current to the synchronous machine
field winding.

The excitation system should be reliable, stable in
operation and must respond quickly to excitation
current requirement.

Excitation systems perform control and
protective functions essential to the satisfactory
performance of the power system.
FUNCTION OF EXCITATION SYSTEM

The basic control function of excitation system with
respect to:-

Generator: To supply and adjust the field current
so as to maintain constant terminal voltage and
respond to transient disturbance with field forcing
in accordance with generator capability.

Power system :To respond quickly to improve
transient stability and also to modulate field to
improve power system stability.
AIM OF EXCITATION SYSTEM

To control voltage so that operation is possible
nearer to the steady-state stability limit

To maintain voltage under system fault condition
to ensure rapid operation of protective gear

To facilitate sharing of the reactive load between
machine operating in parallel.
CHARACTERISTICS OF EXCITATION
SYSTEM :-
1.Fast response: Modern system are fast acting with
Response ratio of 0.1.

2.Reliability: Implies liberal ratings, proper selection of
component and redundancies, like two mode of operation
i.e. Auto and Manual.

3.High Ceiling Voltage: It is the maximum voltage that
can be impressed on the field under specified conditions.

4.Steady State Accuracy: It is the degree of
correspondence between the controlled variable and the
ideal value under specified steady state condition.
9/20/2014

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR
EXCITATION SYSTEM :-
Excitation system performance can be judge from
Exciter Voltage Vs Time Characteristic.
The factors contribute to the performance are:
1. Overshoot
2. Rise time
3. Setting time
4. Damping ratio
For ideal performance, It should have one
overshoot and one undershoot with quick rise time
to have small steady state error.
TYPE OF EXCITATION SYSTEM
DC System (Rotating).

High Frequency Excitation system.

Static Excitation System

Brush less Excitation system
DC excitation system :-
DC EXCITATION SYSTEM

Consists of Pilot Exciter and Main exciter mounted
and driven on the same shaft of rotor. The output of
pilot exciter is fed to the main exciter via
commutator and brush gear assembly. The
regulation of output is by motor driven rheostat.

Disadvantages:
1.The system has slow response.

2. Due to commutator and brush gear, can be used
only for small units.
AC EXCITATION SYSTEM

There are two types of AC excitation system:

1.Rotating system: This is a high frequency
excitation system with an AC exciter, permanent
magnet pilot exciter and an rectifier.

2.Static Excitation: This is generator potential fed
static excitation system with controlled rectifier
and a rectifier transformer.
AC excitation system (Static) :-
STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM

The system have only static component used for
achieving fast response. The regulated excitation
power is taken from the generator itself supplied to
the converter via step down transformer and
through the field breaker to the generator field.

The main components are:
1. Rectifier Transformer
2.Thyristor Rectifier Banks
3.Excitation start up and Field discharge equipment
4.Regulator and control equipment.
HIGH FREQENCY EXCITATION SYSTEM

This system is used for 200/210 MW set with 500
Hz main exciter and 400 Hz pilot exciter with static
rectifying unit.
Main exciter is an inductor generator with three
phase A.C. winding and four field winding on stator.
The pilot exciter is permanent magnet type and
provides the power supply. The rectifying unit is
three phase static converter with water cooled type
which rectify the HF exciter output and fed to the
generator rotor.
AC excitation system (Rotating) :-
BRUSHLESS EXCITATION SYSTEM

The system does not use the slip rings and brush
gear
and hence named as Brush less excitation system .
The system is used for large capacity generator set.
The system has following advantages:-
1. Fast response.
2. Simple and robust with no maintenance
required.
Brushless Excitation System :-
Brushless Excitation System :-
Pilot Exciter :-
This is coupled with generator-turbine shaft.
Rotates in speed of 3000 rpm.
This is 16 pole, 3 Phase AC generator.
The output 35KVA at 220V,105 A & 400 HZ.
Permanent magnets are mounted on rotor.
Three phase winding is on stator.
The output of pilot exciter is given to Main Exciters
stator winding which is works as field for main
exciter.
PMG ROTOR :-
STATOR OF PILOT EXCITER
Main Exciter :-
This is also coupled with generator-turbine shaft.
3 phase main exciter is a 6 pole rotating unit.
Fields pole with damper winding arranged in
stator winding.
Three phase winding is inserted in rotor slots.
Rated output of main exciter is 1344 KVA at 300 V
and 150HZ.
This out put is given to the Diode wheel.

Rectifier Wheel:-
The silicon diodes are arranged on the rectifier
wheel in a three phase configuration.
Diodes are arranged as three phase Bridge.
6 no. of arms in bridge.
Each arms contains 10 diodes in series, so total
no. of diodes in rectifier wheel is 60.
This rectified output is given to the generator
rotor which works as field for synchronous
alternator.


Rectifier Wheel
DIODE WHEEL
This rectified out put of the main exciter is fed into
main generators Rotor winding Via Lugs.
FEATURES OF BRUSHLESS SYSTEM
1. Very fast response

2.Slip rings and brushes are completely eliminated.

3.FDR is provided.

4.Generator filed current measurement is
approximate and measured by quadrature coil.

5. This is preferred for large capacity generator set.
GENERATOR EXCITER
TEST PIT VIEW OF GENERATOR ASSEMBLY
GENERATOR ASSEMBLY :-
THANK YOU