2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 Version 4.

0
Communicating over the
Network
Network Fundamentals Chapter 2
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What will we Learn from chapter 2?
Describe the structure of a network
Explain the function of protocols.
Explain the advantages of using a layered model .
Describe the role of each layer In the:
TCP/IP model
OSI model.
Describe the importance of addressing and naming
schemes.
3 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Network Structure
Elements of communication
Message source
The channel
Message destination
Networks carrying different types of messages:
Data, voice, video, images


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Network Structure
How messages are transmitted
Messages are sent across a network in small chunks called
segments, packets, frames, cells
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Network Structure
Components of a network
Hardware
Software

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Network Structure
End Devices
Interface with humans or other devices
Role of end devices:
Client
Server
Printers, routers
Any terminating
networking
device

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Network Structure
Intermediary devices in contrasted to the role of end
devices
Provides connectivity and ensures data flows
through the and across network


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Network Structure
What is network media?
The path or channel over which a message travels
What are the criteria for making media choice?
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Network Types
Local Area Network (LAN)
A network serving a home, building or campus may be
considered a Local Area Network (LAN)
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Network Types
Wide Area Networks (WANs)
Specialize networks connecting LANs, MANs, PANs

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Network Types
What is the Internet
A global mesh of interconnected networks (WANs, MANs,
LANs, PANs
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Network Types
Symbols used to represent network devices and media
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Function of Protocol in Network Communication
Protocol
A set of rules

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Function of Protocol in Network Communication
Network protocols are used to govern communicate between
devices
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Function of Protocol in Network Communication
Industry standards
A process or protocols that has been endorsed by the
networking industry and ratified by a standards organization

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Function of Protocol in Network Communication
Technology independent Protocols
Diverse types of devices can interact using standard sets of
protocols
Network protocols specify network functionality, not the
underlying device technology
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Layers within the OSI and TCP/IP Reference
Models
The benefits of a layered model
Aids in protocol design
Provides for corporate competition
Changes in one layer do not affect other layers
Provides for standard interfaces between devices



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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model


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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
The Communication Process

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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Protocol Data Units (PDU) and encapsulation

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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Process of sending and receiving messages


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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
A protocol model provides a model that closely matches
the structure of a particular protocol suite
A reference model provides a common reference for
maintaining consistency within all types of network
protocols and services
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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
OSI Reference Model

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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
OSI and TCP/IP model

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Addressing and Naming Schemes
How labels in encapsulation headers are used to manage
communication in data networks


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Addressing and Naming Schemes
Ethernet MAC Addresses, IP Addresses, and TCP/UDP
Port numbers

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Addressing and Naming Schemes
How labels in encapsulation headers are used to manage
communication

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Addressing and Naming Schemes
How information in the encapsulated header is used to
identify the source and destination processes for
communication

29 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
What did I Learn from Chapter 2
Describe the structure of a network
Explain the function of protocols.
Explain the advantages of using a layered model .
Describe the role of each layer In the:
TCP/IP model
OSI model.
Describe the importance of addressing and naming
schemes.
30 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Communicating over the Network

Next
Application Layer Functionality and Protocols