Study and testing of biogas based diesel dual

fuelled engine
Presented by

Name : MOHAN SINGH
Reg.no: 12PEMS 54002
Automotive Mechatronics

OBJECTIVE


To check the feasibility of biogas based
diesel dual fuelled engine for the long term
automotive application.

INTRODUCTION

The continuosly increasing international
energy demands and the induction of
stringent exhaust emission standard has
greatly pushed for the use of alternative
fuel.

Dual fuel IC Engine

Conventional ic engines operate on a
mono fuel either liquid or gaseous.

However dual fuelled engine operates on
two fuels, normally one s gaseous and
another one is liquid.



MODIFICATION NEEDED
it is possible to run a diesel vehicle on a
biogas/diesel blend (e.g., 90% biogas,
10% diesel) using a modified diesel
engine.
The modifications needed for dual-fuel
operation include two fuel injection
systems (for the biogas and the diesel), a
second fuel line and a tank to hold the
biogas.


WORKING PRINCIPLE

Primary fuel: Biomethane
Secondary fuel: Diesel
Works on diesel cycle
In four stroke cycle engine the gas is
supplied in the inlet manifold,where it
mixes with the incoming air to form a
homogeneous mixture.


Biogas

Biogas is produced from the breakdown of
organic materials such as manure, food
waste or sewage in an anaerobic digester
in the absence of oxygen. In its non-
refined state, biogas consists of 50%60%
methane (CH4), 40%50% carbon dioxide
(CO2) and some trace amounts of
impurities

Biomethane
. Biogas that has been refined or
"upgraded" to higher CH4 levels and lower
CO2 levels is called biomethane or
renewable natural gas. Once biogas is
cleaned and upgraded to biomethane, it is
(chemically) virtually the same as NG

Production of biomethane
There are 3 stages to the production of bio-methane:

Pre-treatment

Digestion

Upgrading


CO2 SURUBBING UNIT

Dual fuel IC Engine
it is possible to run a diesel vehicle on a
biogas/diesel blend (e.g., 90% biogas,
10% diesel) using a modified diesel
engine.
. The modifications needed for dual-fuel
operation include two fuel injection
systems (for the biogas and the diesel), a
second fuel line and a tank to hold the
biogas.


Working of dual fuelled
engine

The engine runs by injecting biogas into
the engine on the air intake stroke (since
the methane does not ignite upon
compression). The diesel is injected and
ignited, which then ignites the biogas,
effectively acting like a spark plug

The engine runs by injecting biogas into the engine on the air intake stroke (since the methane does not ignite upon compression). The diesel is injected and ignited, which then ignites the biogas, effectively acting like a spark plug

Continued.
In a dual-fuel configuration, the engine
starts on 100% diesel, and the fuel
injection technology increases the biogas
ratio as high as the drive cycle will allow
(to a maximum of 90%).

Altenative methods for
modification of diesel
engine



By replacing the fuel injectors with spark
plugs and replacing the fuel pump with a
gas carburetor.
By using diesel fuel for ignition and adding
a carburetor for the biogas as well as
advancing the ignition timing.


TEST PROCEDURE
The experimental investigation was
conducted in two phases. In the first phase,
engine performances and fuel
consumptions for both modes of fuelling were
determined
The engine was test at steady state with
different engine speeds and loads. The
test speeds were
1000, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2000 and 2400
rpm

TEST SYSTEM
Test system
The experimental investigation was
conducted in two phases. In the first
phase, engine performances and fuel
consumptions for both modes of fuelling
were determined.
. The engine torque was varied until the
maximum value available at each test
speed was attained. For each test point, a
set of parameters for both fuelling modes
was measured.

TEST RESULTS

VARIATION OF BSFC W.R.T TO
ENGINE SPEED


VARIATION OF BSFC W.R.T
ENGINE LOAD

Energy content of biogas and
diesel
11 Nm3 biogas : 6.5 KWh
1 ltr. Diesel : 9.1 KWh

Diesel fuelling
Engine
speed
(rpm)
1000 1200 1500 1800 2000 2400
Ambient
air
temp.(c)
33.1 26.1 28.1 33.2 36.2 31.1
Brake
torque(N
m)
37.51 38.66 41.97 41.36 40.59 35.93
Bmep(kp
a)
754 777 844 832 816 723

DUAL FUELLING
Engine
speed
1000.6 1200 1500 1800 2000 2400
Amb. Air
temp.(c)
33.2


26.1 28.1 33.2 36.1 31.2
Brake
Torque(N
m)
37.54 36.68 41.98 41.51 40.52 35.89
Bmep(kp
a)
755 788 844 835 815 722

conclusion
An experimental investigation of an
unmodified small biogas premixed
charge diesel CI dual fuelling engine
was conducted with the concern on
engine performance, maximizing diesel
fuel substitution, energy consumption and
long term use. The following results were
obtained and concluded.


CONTINUED..
Biogas premixed charge diesel dual
fuelling for the engine produced almost no
performance deterioration at all test
speeds.
. The DDF mode resulted in lower
exhaust gas temperature regardless of
engine load and speed, higher cooling
water and lube oil temperatures at high
loads and high engine speeds.
.
The efficiency deterioration reduced when
engine load increased. At full load, the
efficiency was comparable with that in
diesel fuelling. It is then inferred that at
low/medium loads, the DDF engine
produced higher unburned hydrocarbon
and less soot.