Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
GLENCOE DIVISION
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, Ohio 43240
Lesson 5-1 Slope
Lesson 5-2 Slope and Direct Variation
Lesson 5-3 Slope-Intercept Form
Lesson 5-4 Writing Equations in Slope-Intercept Form
Lesson 5-5 Writing Equations in Point-Slope Form
Lesson 5-6
Geometry: Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Lesson 5-7 Statistics: Scatter Plots and Lines of Fit
Example 1 Positive Slope
Example 2 Negative Slope
Example 3 Zero Slope
Example 4 Undefined Slope
Example 5 Find Coordinates Given Slope
Example 6 Find a Rate of Change
Find the slope of the line that passes through
(–3, 2) and (5, 5).
Let and
Substitute.
Simplify.
Answer:
Find the slope of the line that passes through
(–3, –4) and (–2, –8).
Let and
Substitute.
Simplify.
Answer: –2
Find the slope of the line that passes through
(–3, 4) and (4, 4).
Let and
Substitute.
Simplify.
Answer: 0
Find the slope of the line that passes through
(–2, –4) and (–2, 3).
Let and
Answer: undefined
Find the value of r so that the line through (6, 3) and
Slope formula
Substitute.
Subtract.
Find the cross products.
Simplify.
Answer: Simplify.
Find the value of p so that the line through (p, 4) and
Answer: –5
Travel The graph to the
right shows the number of
U.S. passports issued in
1991, 1995, and 1999.
Find the rates of change for
1991-1995 and 1995-1999.
millions of passports
years
1991-1995:
Substitute.
Simplify.
Substitute.
Simplify.
Slope formula
Slope formula
a. Answer: constant of
variation: 4;
slope: 4
Name the constant of variation for the equation.
Then find the slope of the line that passes through
the pair of points.
b. Answer: constant of
variation: –3;
slope: –3
Step 1 Write the slope as
a ratio.
Step 3 From the point (0, 0), move up 1 unit and right
1 unit. Draw a dot.
Step 3 From the point (0, 0), move down 3 units and
right 2 units. Draw a dot.
Answer: Therefore,
Use the direct variation equation to find x when
Simplify.
Answer:
Answer: –15
Travel The Ramirez family is driving cross-country
on vacation. They drive 330 miles in 5.5 hours.
Write a direct variation equation to find the distance
driven for any number of hours.
Original equation
Simplify.
Answer:
Estimate how many hours it would take to drive
600 miles.
Original equation
Simplify.
b. Graph the
equation.
Answer:
c. Estimate how many hours it would take to jog 16 miles.
Answer: 2 hours
Example 1 Write an Equation Given Slope and y
-Intercept
Example 2 Write an Equation Given Two Points
Example 3
Graph an Equation in Slope-Intercept Form
Example 4 Graph an Equation in Standard Form
Example 5 Write an Equation in Slope-Intercept Form
Write an equation of the line whose slope is
and whose y-intercept is –6.
Slope-intercept form
Answer:
Write an equation of the line whose slope is 4
and whose y-intercept is 3.
Answer:
Write an equation of the line
shown in the graph.
The slope is 2.
Answer:
Graph
Step 1 The y-intercept is –7.
y = 0.5x – 7
So graph (0, –7).
Step 2 The slope is 0.5
or
Answer:
Graph
Step 1 Solve for y to find the slope-intercept form.
Original equation
Simplify.
Answer:
is 2.
Answer:
Health The ideal maximum heart rate for a 25-year-
old who is exercising to burn fat is 117 beats per
minute. For every 5 years older than 25, that ideal
rate drops 3 beats per minute.
Write a linear equation to find the ideal maximum
heart rate for anyone over 25 who is exercising to
burn fat.
Words The rate drops 3 beats per minute every
5 years, so the rate of change is beats
per minute each year. The ideal maximum
heart rate for a 25-year-old is 117 beats
per minute.
Variables Let R = the ideal heart rate.
Let a = years older than 25.
Equation
ideal rate
Ideal rate of years older for 25-
rate equals change times than 25 plus year-old.
R a 117
Answer:
Graph the equation.
Answer:
Find the ideal maximum heart rate for a person
exercising to burn fat who is 55 years old.
Simplify.
Answer:
The amount of money spent on Christmas gifts has
increased by an average of $150,000 ($0.15 million) per
year since 1986. Consumers spent $3 million in 1986.
c. Find the amount spent by consumers in 1999.
with slope
Replace m with ,
y with –3,
and x with 2.
Multiply.
Simplify.
Step 2 Write the slope-intercept form using
Slope-intercept form
Answer:
Multiple-Choice Test Item x y
The table of ordered pairs shows
the coordinates of two points on the
–3 –4
graph of a function. Which equation –2 –8
describes the function?
A B
C D
Slope formula
Simplify.
Step 2 You know the slope and two points. Choose one
point and find the y-intercept. In this case, we
chose (–3, –4).
Slope-intercept form
Subtract 12 from
each side.
Simplify.
Step 3 Write the slope-intercept form using
Slope-intercept form
Answer: B
Economy In 2000, the cost of many items increased
because of the increase in the cost of petroleum. In
Chicago, a gallon of self-serve regular gasoline cost
$1.76 in May and $2.13 in June. Write a linear equation
to predict the cost of gasoline in any month in 2000,
using 1 to represent January.
Explore You know the cost of regular gasoline in May
and June.
Plan Let x represent the month and y represent the
cost of gasoline that month. Write an equation
of the line that passes through (5, 1.76) and
(6, 2.13).
Solve Find the slope.
Slope formula
Let
and .
Simplify.
Choose (5, 1.76) and find the y-intercept
of the line.
Slope-intercept
form
Replace m with
0.37, x with 5,
and y with 1.76.
Multiply.
Subtract 1.85
from each side.
Simplify.
Write the slope-intercept form using
and
Slope-intercept form
Original equation
Replace y with
2.13 and x with 6.
Multiply.
Simplify.
The average cost of a college textbook in 1997 was
$57.65. In 2000, the average cost was $68.15. Write a
linear equation to estimate the average cost of a
textbook in any given year since 1997. Let x represent
years since 1997.
Answer:
Economy The Yellow Cab Company budgeted $7000
for the July gasoline supply. On average, they use
3000 gallons of gasoline per month. Use the prediction
equation where x represents the
month and y represents the cost of one gallon of
gasoline, to determine if they will have to add to their
budget. Explain.
Original equation
Replace x with 7.
Simplify.
Answer: If gas increases at the same rate, a gallon of
gasoline will cost $2.50 in July. 3000 gallons at this price is
$7500, so they will have to add $500 to their budget.
A student is starting college in 2004 and has saved
$400 to use for textbooks. Use the prediction equation
where x is the years since 1997 and
y is the average cost of a college textbook, to
determine whether they will have enough money for
5 textbooks.
Answer: If the cost of textbooks increases at the same
rate, the average cost will be $82.15 in 2004. Five
textbooks at this price is $410.75, so he will not have
enough money.
Example 1
Write an Equation Given Slope and a Point
Example 2 Write an Equation of a Horizontal Line
Example 3 Write an Equation in Standard Form
Example 4 Write an Equation in Slope-Intercept Form
Example 5 Write an Equation in Point-Slope Form
Write the point-slope form of an
equation for a line that passes
Point-slope
form
Simplify.
Answer:
Write the point-slope form of
an equation for a horizontal
line that passes through (0, 5).
Point-slope
form
Simplify.
Answer:
Write in standard form.
Original equation
Distributive Property
Subtract 3x from each side.
Simplify.
Answer:
Write in slope-intercept form.
Original equation
Distributive Property
is
Write in slope-intercept form.
Answer:
The figure shows
trapezoid ABCD with
bases and
Write the point-slope
form of the lines
containing the bases
of the trapezoid.
Step 1 First find the slopes of and
Slope formula
Slope formula
Step 2 You can use either point for (x1, y1) in the
point-slope form.
Original equation
Answer: Simplify.
Original equation
Answer: Simplify.
The figure shows right
triangle ABC.
Answer:
graph of
point-slope form.
Point-slope form
Replace m with
Simplify.
Distributive Property
graph of
Answer:
Geometry The height of a
trapezoid is measured on a
segment that is perpendicular
to a base. In trapezoid ARTP,
and are bases. Can
be used to measure the
height of the trapezoid?
Explain.
Find the slope of each segment.
Slope of
Slope of
Slope of
Answer: The slope of and is 1 and the slope
of is not perpendicular to
and , so it cannot be used to measure height.
The graph shows the
diagonals of a rectangle.
Determine whether
is perpendicular to
Original equation
Subtract 7x from
each side.
Simplify.
Divide each side
by –2.
Simplify.
opposite reciprocal of or
Step 3 Use the point-slope form to find the equation.
Point-slope form
and
Simplify.
Distributive Property
Subtract 1 from
each side.
Simplify.
Answer:
Write the slope-intercept form for an equation of
a line perpendicular to the graph of
and passes through (0, 6).
Original equation
Subtract 5x from
each side.
Simplify.
Divide each
side by 2.
Simplify.
opposite reciprocal of or
Step 3 Substitute the slope and the given point into the
point-slope form of a linear equation. Then write
the equation in slope-intercept form.
Point-slope form
Replace x1 with 0,
y1 with 6, and m with
Distributive Property
Answer:
Example 1 Analyze Scatter Plots
Example 2 Find a Line of Fit
Example 3 Linear Interpolation
Determine whether the
graph shows a positive
correlation, a negative
correlation, no correlation.
If there is a positive or
negative correlation,
describe it.
The graph shows average
personal income for
U.S. citizens.
Answer: no correlation
The table shows the world population growing at a
rapid rate.
Slope formula
Let
and
Simplify.
Step 2 Use m = 33.1 and either the point-slope form
or the slope-intercept form to write the equation.
You can use either data point. We chose
(1850, 1000).
Point-slope form Slope-intercept form
Line of fit
equation
Replace x with
1998 and y with
5900.
Multiply.
Subtract.
Original equation
Simplify.
Answer: 6,296,000,000
Use the equation where x is the years
since 1988 and y is the number of bachelor’s degrees
(in thousands), to predict the number of bachelor’s
degrees that will be received in 2005.
Answer: 1,204,000
Explore online information about the
information introduced in this chapter.
Click on the Connect button to launch your browser
and go to the Algebra 1 Web site. At this site, you
will find extra examples for each lesson in the
Student Edition of your textbook. When you finish
exploring, exit the browser program to return to this
presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting
to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser
and go to www.algebra1.com/extra_examples.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answers.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answers.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answers.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answers.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answers.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answers.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answers.
End of Custom Shows
WARNING! Do Not Remove
This slide is intentionally blank and is set to auto-advance to end
custom shows and return to the main presentation.