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Review of Mobile Broadband

Wireless Access (MBWA)
technologies
(IEEE 802.16e and IEEE 802.20)

By
Thikriat Al mosawi
November 2004
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OUTLINE
Introduction: what is the Broadband Wireless Access
(BWA)
Benefits of BWA
Two technologies
IEEE 802.16

IEEE 802.20





An overview and
Technical issues
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Introduction

What is a BWA?
High speed connection
Uses radio waves
Point to multipoint system


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Benefits of BWA
High speed data, voice and video services
Faster time to market and lower total cost of
ownership
Last-mile connection
Flexible
reliability
Competitive environment
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Two technologies
IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.20

IEEE 802.16 an overview
IEEE 802.16 MAN Standard
will be able to connect 802.11 hotspots to the internet.
provides up to 31 miles of service area range.
has developed a point-to-multipoint broadband
wireless access standard for systems in the frequency
ranges 10-66 GHz and sub 11 GHz.
the standard covers both MAC and the PHY layers.




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IEEE 802.16e
(Mobile Wireless MAN)
It was approved on the 23rd of September 2004
It is a modification to IEEE Standard 802.16
It covers MAC and PHY layers for Combined Fixed and
Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands.
It will enable a mobile user to keep their connection
while moving at vehicular speed (75-93 miles/h).

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WiMAX Forum
It is a non-profit organization
It was formed in 2003
It supports the IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless
Access
It has more than 110 members such as Alcatel,
AT&T, Intel, Nortel, Motorola, SBC, Siemens, and
so forth..
Rosedale is the first WiMAX chipset
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WiMAX
Technology
Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access (WiMAX)
It will provide fixed, nomadic, portable and, eventually,
mobile wireless broadband connectivity.
connectivity at rates of up to 75 Mb/sec
WiMAX 10-66 GHz technical working group
- two MAC system profile
- two primary PHY system profile
WiMAX 2-11 GHz technical working group
- defining MAC and PHY system profile for
IEEE 802.16e and HiperMAN standards.


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IEEE 802.16 Technology
design issues
It was designed to develop an air interface based
on a common MAC protocol.
Designed a flexible MAC layer and
accompanying physical layer (PHY) for
10-66 GHz.
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Physical Layer
The 10-66 GHz PHY assumes
line-of-sight propagation

It contains several forms of
modulations and multiplexing
to support different frequency
ranges and applications

Data rates determined by exact
modulation and encoding
schemes.


Channel
Size
(MHz)
Bit Rate
(Mbps)
QPSK
Bit Rate
(Mbps)
16-QAM
Bit Rate
(Mbps)
64-QAM
20 32 64 96
25 40 80 120
28 44.8 89.6 134.4
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Medium Access Control
(MAC)
Designed for point-to-multipoint BWA
applications.
The original design of MAC is flexible enough to
support, with extension, all other projects of the
IEEE 802.16
Addresses the need for very high bit rates for both
uplink and downlink.

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IEEE 802.16 Reference Model
and Protocol Stack
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IEEE 802.16e MBWA
technology related issues
IEEE802.16e Mobility Enhancements
-MAC and PHY enhancements
-Power consumption reduction
-Hand-Off

Mobility Management
-Control by L2.5 Routing

MAC and PHY enhancements
- The proposal addresses the need for fast
correction , frequency and timing.
-The proposed PHY layer is based on
OFDM/OFDMA
- The configuration offers simplicity for
both fixed and mobile implementations
Power Consumption Reduction
-Battery power for the Mobile Terminal
-Introduce two modes for the SS: Awake-mode and
Sleep-Mode
Awake-mode: is when SS is receiving and
transmitting PDUs in a normal fashion
Sleep-Mode: is when the SS may power down. It
has two parameters: Sleep-interval and Listening-
interval

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Example of the Sleep Mode

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Example of the Sleep Mode

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IEEE802.16e Mobility
Enhancements
Handoff
Optimize L2 handoff
Provide trigger to L3
Allow mobile SSs to move efficiently between
BSs
Smooth BSs transitions with minimal loss of
PDUs
Fast BSs transition to guarantee QoS

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Mobility Management

Communication link
between terminal and
the Internet must be
preserved
IP address should stay the
same even a terminal
changes its location

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Mobility Management

In a multi-hop network
several paths exists.
a tunnel needs to be
created to allow send or
receive packets from or
to known IP address of
a terminal
The tunnel must follow
the movement of the
terminal




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Mobility Management
The 802.16e aim is :
To find the best path between terminal and
gateway node.
The tunnel should be the best path
Also the bandwidth must be guaranteed

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Mobility Control by L2.5
Routing

Three possibilities can be
considered to set up a
tunnel either by using L1
or L3 or L2.5.

The IEEE 802.16e
proposed is to use L2.5
label to set up tunnels.

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Creating tunnels
by using L1

It is not scalable

It will have complex
routing as the BS
getting bigger.


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Creating tunnels
by using L3

It is very complicated
path control depends
on IP
IP is wrapped by IP



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Creating tunnels
by using L2.5

802.16e proposal
An appropriate path will be set
up
Getting path control over
heterogeneous physical
The path control is
independent from the IP layer
Both IPv4 and IPv6 can be
used at the same time
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IEEE 802.20 MBWA
an overview
MBWA Working Group was approved on the 11th of
December 2002
To prepare a formal specification for a packed-based
air interface designed for IP-based services with peak
data rates per user in excess of 1 Mbps
Will address MBWA in licensed bands below 3.5
GHz MBWA
Could provide commuters with reliable high-speed
wireless voice and data links from trains and cars
travelling at up to 250km/h (155miles/h).
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The vision of the
IEEE 802.20
Work
Domain
Home
Domain
Seamless Seamless
Ubiquitous Ubiquitous
Experience Experience
Mobile
Domain
Portable Remote
Access Services
Field Service Apps
Hotel/Motel
Portable Services
Mobile Commerce
Services
Mobile Office (Voice
and Data Apps)
High BW Connectivity
Video Streaming -
Conferencing Apps
Portable
Office
Reservations-Listings
Directions Services
Video Streaming -
Conferencing Apps
Video Streaming -
Conferencing Apps
Mobile Broadband
Wireless Access
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IEEE 802.20 Technology Design
Issues

It specifies the PHY and MAC layers of an air interface
Its system reference architecture will be based on a
layered architecture

The MAC layer may consist of common part and a PHY-
specific part if more than one PHY technology is adopted

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IEEE 802.20 MBWA
technology related issue
Seamless Handover between
802.20 MBWA/802.11/802.15
Fast handover
Traffic model

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Seamless Handover between
802.20 MBWA/802.11/802.15
They propose an
adaptation layer (Virtual
Interface) to interact with
the IP and Data link layer.

They provide a unique
virtual MAC address

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Fast handover
They address the
benefits of providing
layer 2 hints (triggers)
to the network layer
Fast handovers
anticipate movement
with the help of link
layer (triggers)

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Traffic model
The 802.20 Traffic Models is a subgroup of
802.20 Channel and Traffic Model Group
Traffic Models is needed because MBWA will
have multiple types of IP-based services
There will be a mix of user applications and
various different user scenarios

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Traffic model

Traffic and application details depend on user and device scenario

Laptop


PDA


Smart phone
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Traffic types

Web browsing
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
E-mail
WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)
VoIP
Video telephony/ videoconference
Audio streaming
Gaming
File-sharing

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Traffic mix
Different types of devices such as laptop,
PDA and phone.
Different services from same device or user
such as web-conference (Web +audio) v.
single service (E-mail).
Different level of use (intense V. light)
Different demand on response time ( real-
time Vs. best-effort)
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Conclusion

IEEE 802.20 and IEEE 802.16e standards seem very
similar.
But
802.16e
802.20
It is the extension of an existing
standard
It operates in the 2 to11 GHz
licensed spectrum
It is starting from scratch
It operates in the licensed band below
3.5 GHz
Speeds of 75 to 93 miles/h

Speeds of 155 miles/ h
there are some important differences !!!