INTRODUCTION to

Business Research Method

1 Metpen-ind-Mg1
Pokok Bahasan
1. Mengapa perlu penelitian
2. Definisi, Cakupan & Peranan Penelitian
3. Tipe Penelitian
4. Technologi informasi dan peneltian
5. Etika dalam penelitian
6. Proses penelitian

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BUKU REFERENSI

3 03/10/2014
Business Research Defined
A process of determining, acquiring,
analyzing, synthesizing, and disseminating
relevant business data, information, and
insights to decision makers in ways that
mobilize the organization to take
appropriate business actions that, in turn,
maximize business performance.
(Cooper, 2006)


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The Scientific Method
(the way researchers go about using knowledge and evidence to
reach objective conclusions about the real world
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Prior Knowledge
Hypotheses
Hypotheses Test (Observation
or Experimentation)
Conclution (New Knowledge)
Prior Knowledge
A Summary of the
Scientific Method.
(Zigmund)
BUSINESS RESEARCH
The application of the scientific method in
searching for the truth about business
phenomena. These activities include defining
business opportunities and problems,
generating and evaluating ideas, monitoring
performance, and understanding business
process. (Zikmund, 2013)
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Applied and Basic Business Research
Applied business research.
Research conducted to address a specific business
decision for specific firm

Basic Busienss Research
Research conducted without a specific decision in mind
that usually does not address the needs of a specific
organization. It attemps to expand the limits of
knowledge in general and is not aimed at solving a
perticular pragmatic problems
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Mengapa perlu penelitian

8
Organisasi bisnis harus mampu
bergerak dengan cepat agar tetap
kompetitif dalam situasi perkembangan
teknologi, perubahan ekonomi global.
Disamping itu harus proaktif dalam
mencari dan menerapkan informasi
baru tentang sumber daya yang akan
meningkatkan ketepatan strategi bisnis
agar bisa memastikan produk dan
layanan organisasi akan menjangkau
pelanggan mereka.
Penelitian adalah sumber dari
who, what, when, where, why
and how "untuk melakukan
bisnis; menyediakan strategi
baru dan jalur untuk membawa
produk dan jasa ke pasar
03/10/2014
Business research provides
information to guide business
decisions

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Managerial Value of Business Research
Producti oriented Firm, Priorities decision
making that emphasizes physical product
design, trendiness or technical superiorities
Production oriented Firm, Prioritizes in
efficiency and effectiveness of production
processes in making decisions
Marketing oriented Firm. Focus on how
the firm provides value to customers
Example. The fashio industry makes clothes
in styles and sizes that few can adopt
The auto industrys assembly line process
is intent on reducing cost of production as
low as possible
Well known hotel chains are designed to
address the needs of travelers, perticularly
business travelers
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Product-
Oriented
Firm
Research focus on
technicians and
experts in the field
Production-
Oriented
Firm
Research focus on line
employees, engineers,
accountants and other
effeciency expert
Marketing-
Oriented
Firem
Research Focus on
customers
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Four interrelated stages in business strategies
development and implementation.
Identifying problems or
opportunities
Diagnosing and assessing
problems or opportunities
Selecting and implementing
a course of action
Evaluating the course of
action
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Identifying Problems or Opportunities
Business research can help managers
plan strategies by determining the
nature of situations or by identifying
the existence of problems or
opportunities present in the
organization.
Business research may be used as a
scanning activity to provide
information about what is occuring
within an organization or in its
environment.
2-13
Diagnosing and Assessing Problems or
Opportunities
Business research
clarify the situation
Identifying factors
causing the situation
(what happen and why)
Exploring the
opportunities and the
priorities
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Selecting and Implementing a Course
of Action
Identification course of
actions
Obtaining spesific
information that will aid in
evaluating the alternatives
Selecting the best course
of action.
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Evaluating the Course of Action
Evaluation research. The formal
objective measurement and
appraisal of the extent a given
activity, project, or program has
achieved its objectives or wheter
continuing programs are presently
performing as projected.
Performance monitoring research.
Refers to research that regularly,
sometimes routinely provides
feedback for evaluation and control
of business activity

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When is Business Research Need?
Time Constrain ( Is sufficient time
available before a decision will be
made)
Availability of Data ( Is it feasible
to obtain the data?
Nature of Decision ( Is the
decision considerable strategic or
tactical importance?)
Benefit vs Cost ( Does the value of
the research information exceed
the cost of conducting research?)

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3-18
Exhibit 3-1
The Business Research Process
3-19
Stage 1 Clarifying the
Research Question
Management-research question
hierarchy
Begins with management dilemma
3-20
Exhibit 3-2 Management-Research Question
Hierarchy
3-21
Exhibit 3-5 SalePros Hierarchy
3-22
Exhibit 3-3 Formulating
the Research Question
3-23
Types of Management Questions
3-24
The Research Question
Determine
necessary
evidence
Set
scope of study
Examine
variables
Break
questions
down
Evaluate
hypotheses
Fine-Tuning
3-25
Performance Considerations
2002 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Investigative Questions
Attitudinal Issues
Behavioral Issues
3-26
Stage 2 Proposing Research
Exhibit 3-7
Budget Types
Rule-of-thumb
Departmental
Task
3-27
Exhibit 3-6 Gantt Chart
MindWriter
Project Plan
3-28
Evaluating the Value of Research
Option Analysis
Decision Theory
Prior or Interim Evaluation
Ex Post Facto Evaluation
3-29
The Research Proposal
Delivery
Legally-binding
contract
Obligations
Written
proposals
establish
Methods
Timing
Budgets
Extent Purpose
3-30
Stage 3
Designing
the
Research
Project
Research
Design
Sampling
Design
Pilot Testing
3-31
Stage 4 Data Collection
Data Characteristics
Abstractness
Verifiability
Elusiveness
Closeness

3-32
Reducing data to manageable size
2002 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Stage 5 Data Analysis and Interpretation
Developing summaries
Looking for patterns
Applying statistical techniques
3-33
Stage 6 Reporting the Results
Research
Report
Executive
Summary
Research
Overview
Technical
Appendix
Implementation
Strategies
3-34
The Research Overview
Problems background
Summary of exploratory findings
Research design and procedures
Conclusions