1. The document summarizes a presentation on research design given by Dr. Vikas to students including Ritu Danu, Shivangi Agarwal, Shraddha Pant, and Sonal Gupta.
2. It defines research and its purpose, outlines the research process in 10 steps, and discusses key aspects of research design such as developing research topics and questions, creating an outline, establishing hypotheses, choosing appropriate designs, sampling, data collection and analysis.
3. The presentation covers different types of research designs including exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, experimental, and quasi-experimental designs. It provides examples of each design and discusses how variables are manipulated.
1. The document summarizes a presentation on research design given by Dr. Vikas to students including Ritu Danu, Shivangi Agarwal, Shraddha Pant, and Sonal Gupta.
2. It defines research and its purpose, outlines the research process in 10 steps, and discusses key aspects of research design such as developing research topics and questions, creating an outline, establishing hypotheses, choosing appropriate designs, sampling, data collection and analysis.
3. The presentation covers different types of research designs including exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, experimental, and quasi-experimental designs. It provides examples of each design and discusses how variables are manipulated.
1. The document summarizes a presentation on research design given by Dr. Vikas to students including Ritu Danu, Shivangi Agarwal, Shraddha Pant, and Sonal Gupta.
2. It defines research and its purpose, outlines the research process in 10 steps, and discusses key aspects of research design such as developing research topics and questions, creating an outline, establishing hypotheses, choosing appropriate designs, sampling, data collection and analysis.
3. The presentation covers different types of research designs including exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, experimental, and quasi-experimental designs. It provides examples of each design and discusses how variables are manipulated.
COURSE - MANAGEMENT PRESENTATION RESEARCH DESIGN LECTURER NAME DR. VIKAS
STUDENTS :- RITU DANU SHIVANGI AGARWAL SHRADDHA PANT SONAL GUPTA
Presentation on Research Design What is Research ? The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods. Purpose of Research To help plan and gather information on a certain topic. To help monitor something before carrying it out. To help discover new things by gathering and looking out for what others would have done. To gather and explore more into a certain topic which helps to backup your opinions with the findings. Research Process Step 1 Idea to research Step 2 Figure out research problem Step 3 Making on outline & reviewing literature Step 4 Choose the type of research to be done & the level of depth Step 5 Establish the hypothesis Figure out variables Step 6 Selecting the appropriate research design Step 7 Sampling selection Step 8 Data recollection Step 9 Data Analysis Step 10 Presenting results * * * * * * * * 1. The idea: A research project is born Ideas criteria Solve problems Elaborate theories New thoughts Initially vague Sources Bibliography, audiovisuals, theories, discoveries, beliefs, internet Idea An idea represents the closest approach to reality that will be researched There are lots of different resources that generate ideas In the beginning ideas are vague. They require careful analysis in order to transform into structured and precise research statements 2. Choosing a research topic Choosing a research topic Criteria Clarity Data recollection Needed elements Viability Justification Research questions Objectives Research topic
Once the researcher got acquainted and familiar with the topic then it is possible to setup the research topic. There is certain criteria that is needed in order to narrow down the general topic into the just-right (research) topic. Has to be straight forward, usually as a question Should be viable and verifiable by empirical proof For example, how sublime is a persons soul? is not a good research topic since sublime is not something that is measurable, neither is a persons soul. There are also some elements that should be taken into consideration in order to choose a research topic. Objectives: guidelines for the research What is the main purpose for the research? Solve problem Prove a theory Introduce new knowledge 3.Creating an outline Outline Functions Hypothesis; plan out the process; prevent mistakes Stages Developing a perspective Revising literature Extraction and recompilation; consult; obtain; detect Theory Criteria Simplicity; innovation; perspective; logically consistent; description, explanation and prediction Function Predict; relate; systematize; explain Creating an outline
After the previous steps have been completed it is important for the researcher to analyze and expose the theories, theoretical approaches that help with the foundation of the topic. Usually observed as an index with titles and subtitles It is important to know that looking over at the existent literature helps out with figuring out the best way, and more importantly, the manner in which we want to deal with our research and the topic.
Creating an outline Functions: Helps prevent mistakes that might have been committed in previous studies or research Leads the way into figuring out how the research should be performed. Broadens the horizon and helps the researcher understanding the need to carry research in more depth Helps with the establishment of a hypothesis or affirmations that need to be tested Inspires new lines or areas of research It gives the researcher a starting point 4. Types of research Final Purpose Basic Applied 5. Establishing Hypothesis Hypothesis Types Alternative Null Research Characteristic s Proving technique Referent to reality Relation between variables Real situation Precise terms Objectives Try and suggest theories Lead research Hypothesis Guide the research Tentative explanation to researched phenomena formulated as propositions or questions All though most types of research require a hypothesis, in exploratory research no hypothesis is required since there is not that much information available. They are NOT ALWAYS correct, they could be incorrect or even null.
6. Research design Research design Non- experimental No variable manipulation Designs Causal Descriptive Exploratory Experimental Variable manipulation Quasi- experimental Intact groups Designs/experime nts Intentional manipulation Measure effect, Control and validity Proof/post- proof Choosing and appropriate research design
Experimental (require a specific design, and are used mostly in natural sciences): In these designs the researcher decides on what variables to study and how to modify them Experiment: random choice of participants, and their assignment to their study groups Quasi-experiment: not entirely random Contd.. Non-experimental (used mostly in social sciences): In these designs the researcher does not manipulate the variables, but only observes phenomena as it happens in its natural environment Causal: relate two variables Exploratory: initial exploration of a community Descriptive: research the repetitiveness of a certain variable in a population
Sample: Set of elements that come from a bigger set (population). We study this set in order to know the characteristics of the bigger set.
8. Collecting data Data recollection Trustworthy and valid Process 1. Choose instrument 2. Apply 3. Coding 4. Prepare analysis Instruments Focus groups, interviews, observation, surveys and questionnaires, scale of values Collecting data: Instruments Questionnaires: Two types: open and closed questions Examples: Are you currently studying in any type of program? ( ) yes ( ) no In your own point of view, how do you define physical fitness?
Data Analysis Involves entering data into computer files, inspecting data for errors (data cleaning), running tabulation (frequencies) and conducting various statistical test. Preparing Final Report Findings are presented , often by research objectives in clear and concise way. The need for good report cannot be overlased. It is the report and for its presentation , that properly communicates the result to the client. Types of Research Design Exploratory. Descriptive. Diagnostic. Experimental.
Exploratory Design Exploratory research is most commonly unstructured ,informal research that is undertaken to gain background information about the general nature of the research problem. Exploratory research is usually conducted when the researcher does not know much about the problem and needs additional information or desire new or more recent information. Descriptive Design
Descriptive research is undertaken to provide answer to question of who, what, where, when and how but not why. Two basic classification: Cross-Sectional studies Longitudinal studies
Diagnostic design Diagnostic research determines the frequency with which something occurs or its association with something else.
Example : studies concerned with specific prediction, with narration of facts and characteristics concerning individuals or group or situation
Experimental design Also called hypothesis testing research. These are those where the researcher test the hypothesis of casual relationships between variables.
Formal experimental design: Completely randomized design Randomized block design Latin square design Factorial desgin Contd.. Informal experimental design Pre-experimental design Before and after experimental design After only with control design Before and after with control design 31