10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 1

Dr. I Gusti Ayu Widianti, M.Biomed

ANATOMY DEPARTMENT
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
Scientist / ilmuwan:
Lifelong study Internet international
communication
10/9/2014
2
Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD
Leading causes of death
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD
3
Heart disease
Malignant neoplasms
Cerebrovascular diseases,
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Pneumonia and influenza
Accidents
Diabetes mellitus
Suicide, nephritis, chronic liver disease, etc
etc



National Health Statistics, 1999
Major disorders
10/9/2014
Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD
4
The heart: Coronary artery disease
ischemic heart disease
myocardial infarction
The blood vessels: atherosclerosis
hypertension
varicose vein
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 5
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 6
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 7
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 8
GENETIC PREDISPOSITION
EXCESSIVE CHOLESTEROL
SEDENTARY LIFE
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 9
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 10
LARGE QUANTITIES OF CHOLESTEROL
DEPOSITED BENEATH THE ENDOTHELIUM AT
MANY POINTS IN ARTERIES
INVADED BY FIBROUS TISSUE AND
FREQUENTLY CALCIFIED
NET RESULT IS DEVELOPMENT OF
ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES
BLOCK OR PARTIALLY BLOCK BLOOD FLOW
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 11
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 12
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 13
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 14
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 15
Weight reduction
Dietary sodium
Rich in vegetables & fruits
Physical activities
Stop smoking
Moderation alcohol
consumption
LIFE STYLE CHANGES

Circulatory System

1.Cardiovascular system

The heart (cor)
System of blood vessel

2. System of lymphatics
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 16
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 17
The site of exchange
10/9/2014
18
Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD
Capillary Capillary
Cell
Arteriole Venule
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 19
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 20
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD
21
Stroke volume: 70 ml
5 liter/minute
7,200 liters/day
216,000 liters/month
2,628,000 liters/year

10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 22
Two major components:
The heart and system of blood vessels
Major functions:
Transport of oxygen and nutrients
Transport of CO
2
and waste products
Two major divisions
Major or systemic circulation
Lesser or pulmonary circulation

10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 23
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 24
Oxygenated blood
(O
2
& nutrients)
Deoxygenated blood
(CO
2
& waste products)
Systemic circulation
Pulmonary
circulation
Oxygenated blood

Deoxygenated blood
RV
LA
RA LV
RA=right atrium, LA=left atrium, RV=right ventricle, LV=left
ventricle
Lungs
Heart
Whole body
Heart

Veins Arteries
15mmHg
Venules
Arterioles 60 mmHg

Capillaries
35 mmHg




10/9/2014
25
Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD
Circulation
Venules=very small veins; arterioles=very small arteries
Aorta
120mmHg
Vena cava
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 26
OVERVIEW OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 27
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 28
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 29
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 30
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 31
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 32
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 33
PULMONARY
CIRCULATION
SYSTEMIC
CIRCULATION
VALVE
VEIN
LYMPH NODE
LYMPH
CAPILLARIES
HEART
THORACICUS
DUCT
CAPILLARIES
ARTERIES
LYMPH NODE
LYMPH
CAPILLARIES
20 l / day
BLOOD
7200 l
/day
LYMPH
BLOOD
CAPILLARIES
3 l / day
17 l /day
The Heart

A four-chamber, powerful, muscular pump
Divided into two halves: left heart & right
heart.

Left heart: left atrium & left ventricle
Receives oxygenated blood (arterial
blood) from the lungs
Distributes it to the whole body.

Right heart: right atrium & right ventricle
Receives deoxygenated blood (venous
blood) from the whole body, sends it to the
lungs.

The walls of the left ventricle is the thickest.
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 34
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 35
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 36
Boundaries:
left and right pleural cavities,
diaphragm,
anterior and posterior leaves of fibrous
pericardium, and
superior aspect of the left and right pulmonary
arteries

Contents:
Heart and pericardium
Roots of the great vessels
Arch of azygos vein
Main bronchi


10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 37
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 38
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 39
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 40
Double-walled fibroserous sac, encloses the
heart and the roots of its great vessels
Pericardial cavity:
The potential space between the opposing
layers of the parietal and visceral of serous
pericardium
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 41
The wall consist of three layers:
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

The fibrous skeleton of the heart
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 42
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 43
A special system for generating rhytmical
electrical impuls to cause rhytmical contraction
of the heart muscle and conducting these
impulses rapidly through the heart
Allow all portions of the ventricles to contract
simultaneously which essential for most
effective pressure generation in the ventricular
chamber
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 44
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 45
A-V node (atrioventricular
node)
Conduction through the atrial wall
Sinoatrial node (sinus node)
A-V bundle (bundle of His)
Right & left branches
Purkinje fibers
PACE-MAKER
10/9/2014
Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD
46


A GROUP OF CELLS AS S-A NODE THAT SERVES
TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAINING A
RHYTHMIC ACTIVITY
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 47
Number of heart beats per minute
Classification of heart rate
Normal heart rate; 60 100/minute
Bradycardia: 60 beats per minute
Tachycardia: 100 beats per minute

10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 48
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 49
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 50
Two most common sites:
In the side of the neck: carotid pulse by
palpating the common carotid artery
At the wrist: radial pulse by palpating the
radial artery
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 51
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 52
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 53
Normal and optimal: 120/80 (adults)

Abnormal high: Hypertension

Systolic Hypertension (wide pulse pressure)

Systolic and diastolic hypertension: Increased
peripheral vascular resistance
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 54
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 55
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 56
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 57
THE FUNCTIONS OF LYMPHATICS
DRAINAGE OF TISSUE FLUID, COLLECTION OF
LYMPH PLASMA AND TRANSPORT OF LYMPH
TO THE VENOUS SYSTEM
ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT OF FAT FROM
THE INTESTINE.
FORMATION OF A DEFENCE MECHANISM

10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 58

10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 59
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 60
Right lymphatic duct (ductus lymphaticus
dexter):
The right halves of head, neck and thorax,
and the right upper limb
The thoracic duct (ductus lymphaticus
sinister):
The remainder of the body
Both duct eventually open into the
corresponding subclavian veins (venous
angles)
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 61
Lymphatic plexuses (lymphatic capillary)
Lymphatics vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymphocytes
Lymphoid tissue
10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 62
Vascularization of head
and neck.