Page1

HSUPA vs. HSDPA

HSDPA HSUPA
New high-speed shared channel Dedicated channel with
enhanced capabilities
HARQ with fast retransmission at layer 1
Rate/modulation adaptation
Single serving cell
Fast power control
Soft handover
Fast NodeB scheduler
Shared NodeB power and code
Fast NodeB scheduler
Rise-over-Thermal (ROT)
Page2
Rise-over-Thermal Noise
In order to decode received data correctly, the
uplink interference shall be controlled.
Rise-over-Thermal is a measure of the uplink
load.
NodeB monitors uplink interference and tells UE
how much power can be used to transmit uplink data.
Page3
NodeB Scheduler for HSUPA
The HSUPA scheduler considers the trade-off
between the following two points:
Several users those want to transmit at high
data rate all the time
Satisfying all requested grants while preventing
overloading and maximizing resource utilization
Page4
HSUPA Channel Operation
The UE sends a transmission request to the
NodeB for getting resources.
The NodeB responds to the UE with a grant
assignment, allocating uplink band to the UE.
The UE uses the grant to select the
appropriate transport format for the Data
transmission to the NodeB.
The NodeB attempts to decode the received
data and send ACK/NACK to the UE. In case
of NACK, data may be retransmitted.
NodeB
1
.

R
E
Q
U
E
S
T
3
.

D
A
T
A
2
.

G
R
A
N
T
4
.

A
C
K
/
N
A
C
K
UE
Page5
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)
1. Transmission Request
The UE request data
transmission by the
scheduling information
(SI), which is determined
according to the UE
power and buffer data
availability.
The scheduling
information is sent to the
NodeB.
UE
UE Buffer UE Power
Scheduling Information (SI)
Page6
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)
2. Grant Assignment
The Node B determines the
UE grant by monitoring
uplink interference (RoT at
he receiver), and by
considering the UE
transmission requests and
level of satisfaction.
The grant is signaled to the
UE by new grant channels.
NodeB
RoT SI
GRANT
Satisfaction
Page7
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)
3. Data Transmission
The UE uses the received
grant and, based on its
power and data availability,
selects the E-DCH transport
format and the
corresponding transmit
power.
Data are transmitted by the
UE on together with the
related control information.
UE
GRANT
UE Power
Data and related
control information
UE Buffer
Page8
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)
4. Data Acknowledgment
The NodeB attempts to
decode the received data
and indicates to the UE
with ACK/NACK.
If no ACK is received by
he UE, the data may be
retransmitted.
NodeB
ACK/NACK
Data and related
control information
Page9
HSUPA Protocol Stack
SM (Session Management)
GMM (GPRS Mobility Management)
RRC (Radio Resource Control)
MAC-es and MAC-d (Medium Access Control)
RLC (Radio Link Control)
MAC-e
Physical Layer
Iub Interface
Iu Interface
UE NodeB RNC SGSN
AS
NAS
Page10
New HSUPA Uplink Channels
Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel (E-DCH)
Uplink Transport Channel
E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel (E-
DPDCH)
Uplink Physical Channel
E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
(E-DPCCH)
Uplink Control Channel
Page11
New HSUPA Downlink Channels
E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (E-
HICH)
Downlink Physical Channel
E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel (E-AGCH)
Downlink Physical Channel
E-DCH Relative Grant Channel (E-RGCH)
Downlink Physical Channel
Page12
HSUPA Channel Mapping
DCCH DTCH
E-DCH
E-DPCCH
E-DPDCH
E-HICH
E-AGCH
E-RGCH
Page13
Uplink Channels
E-DPDCH
Carries the payload.
May include a scheduling request from
UE to NodeB.
E-DPCCH
Carries control information required to
decode the payload carried by E-
DPDCH.
Carries an indication from UE to
indicate NodeB whether the assigned
resources are adequate.
TTI
SI Payload HD
TTI
Resource
Status
Control
Information
Page14
Downlink Channels
E-AGCH
The absolute grant carries maximum allowed E-
DPDCH/DPCCH power ratio.
Carries information that controls HARQ process.
E-RGCH
The relative grant carries a simple command to
increase (UP), decrease (DOWN) or keep (HOLD) the
current grant.
E-HICH
Gives feedback to the UE about previous data
transmission, carrying acknowledge (ACK) or not
acknowledge (NACK).
TTI
HARQ
Control
T/P Grant
TTI
Up/Down/Hold
TTI
ACK/NACK
Page15
HSUPA Features
Shorter TTI of 2ms
In HSUPA both 10ms TTI and 2ms TTI are
supported.
A shorter TTI allows reduction of the latency
and increasing the average and peak cell
throughput.
Higher Peak Data Rate
For a 10-ms TTI UE, peak data rate is limited to 2
Mbps.
Higher peak data rates can be achieved with a
2ms TTI UE
5.76Mbps is the maximum peak data rate for HSUPA.
Page16
HSUPA Features (continued)
Hybrid-ARQ
N-channel stop-and-wait protocol, with 4 HARQ
processes for 10ms TTI and 8 HARQ processes
for 2ms TTI
Synchronous retransmission
Separate HARQ feedback is provided per radio
link.
Page17
E-DCH Active Set and Mobility Support
There are three different types of radio
links in the UE E-DCH active set:
Serving E-DCH Cell: The cell from which
UE receives AGCH.
Serving E-DCH RLS: Set of cells that
contain at least the serving cell and from
which the UE can receive RGCH
No-Serving RL: Cell that belongs to the E-
DCH active set but not belong to the
serving RLS and from which the UE can
receive a RGCH.
Serving
E-DCH cell
Serving E-DCH
Radio Link Set
(RLS)
Non-Serving
E-DCH Radio
Link (RL)
Page18
Theoretical HSUPA Maximum Data Rate
How to get 5.76Mbps:
Lower channel coding gain
Effective code rate = 1
Requires very good channel conditions to decode
Lower spreading factor
UE uses SF 2
Multi-code transmission
UE uses 4 codes, 2 with SF2 and 2 with SF4
2ms TTI
Page19
E-DPDCH with SF4 and Puncturing
Maximum payload for spreading factor of 4, TTI of 2 ms and coding rate
of 1 is 1920 bits and the corresponding data rate is 960kbps.
1920 bits payload
1920 parity
1920 symbols
1920 modulation
symbols
1920 systematic 1920 parity
7690 chips
R = 1/3
Turbo Coding
SF=4
BPSK Modulation
Puncturing
2ms
Page20
Lower Spreading Factor SF2
Maximum payload for spreading factor of 2, TTI of 2 ms and coding rate
of 1 is 3840 bits and the corresponding data rate is 1920kbps.
3840 bits payload
3840 parity
3840 symbols
3840 modulation
symbols
3840 systematic 3840 parity
7690 chips
R = 1/3
Turbo Coding
SF=2
BPSK Modulation
Puncturing
2ms
Page21
Multi-code Transmission
For one UE in HSUPA operation, up to 4 E-
DPDCH can be used simultaneously, two
using SF4 and two using SF2.
Use of 4 codes transmission 2*SF2 + 2*SF4:
(2*1920kbps) + (2*960kbps) = 5760kbps
Page22
HSUPA UE Capabilities
E-DCH
category
Max number
of E-DPDCH
channels
Minimum
SF
Supported
TTI
Peak rate
for TTI =
10MS
Peak rate
for TTI =
2ms
Category 1 1 SF4 10ms 711kbps --
Category 2 2 SF4 2&10 ms 1448kbps 1448kbps
Category 3 2 SF4 10ms 1448kbps --
Category 4 2 SF2 2&10 ms 2000kbps 2886kbps
Category 5 2 SF2 10ms 2000kbps --
Category 6 4 SF2 2&10ms 2000kbps 5742kbps
Page23
New Channels for HSUPA
Uplink Transport Channel
E-DCH: Carries high speed uplink data
Uplink Physical Channels
E-DPDCH: Carries E-DCH
E-DPCCH: Carries control signal for E-DPDCH
Downlink Physical Channels
E-HICH: Carries HARQ ACK/NACK indicator for E-DCH
E-RGCH: Carries relative grant determined by the scheduler
E-AGCH: Carries absolute grant determined by the
scheduler
Page24
New Channels in HSUPA Operation
1. The UE sends a request for resources. The
request includes status of its data buffers and is
sent on E-DPDCH.
2. Based on the request from the UE, the Node B
allocates a resource grant to the UE. The grant is
sent on the E-AGCH channel.
3. This grant can be modified by the Node B every
TTI using the E-RGCH channel.
4. The UE transmits data on E-DPDCH. Control
information needed to decode the data is sent on
E-DPCCH.
5. The Node B decodes the received packet and
informs the UE whether it could decode the data
successfully or not on the E-HICH channel.
E-DPDCH
E-DPCCH
E-AGCH
E-RGCH
E-HICH
1
4
3 5 2 1
4
Page25
E-DCH
E-DCH is mapped to one or more E-DPDCHs.
Control information for E-DCH is sent to E-
DPCCH.
One transport block (TB) is transferred in one
TTI.
Transmission time interval (TTI) can be 10ms
or 2ms.
Support for 10ms is mandatory in the UE.
Support for 2ms is mandatory for UE with E-DCH
peak capability above.
Page26
E-DCH Channel Coding
CRC
A 24 bit CRC is
attached to the
transport block.
Channel Coding
Turbo coding with 1/3
coding ratio
Transport block
from MAC
Add CRC
attachment
Code block
segmentation
Channel coding
Physical layer HARQ/
rate matching
Physical channel
segmentation
Interleaving & physical
Channel mapping
Physical channel(s)
Page27
E-DCH HARQ Rate Matching
Hybrid HARQ/Rate Matching
Hybrid ARQ match the number of bits at the turbo
coder to the total number of bits available in the
E-DPDCH(s).
Redundancy Version (RV) controls rate matching.
Transport block
from MAC
Add CRC
attachment
Code block
segmentation
Channel coding
Physical layer HARQ/
rate matching
Physical channel
segmentation
Interleaving & physical
Channel mapping
Physical channel(s)
Bit
separation
RM_S
Bit
collection
RM_P1
RM_P2
Systematic
bits
Parity 1
bits
Parity 2
bits
Page28
E-DCH Interleaving
Physical Channel Segmentation
To distribute bits among
multiple E-DPDCH when more
than one E-DPDCH is used.
Interleaving
The same as UL DCH interleaving
Channel Mapping
If more than one E-DPDCH is
used, the bits should be mapped
to different E-DPDCHs.
Transport block
from MAC
Add CRC
attachment
Code block
segmentation
Channel coding
Physical layer HARQ/
rate matching
Physical channel
segmentation
Interleaving & physical
Channel mapping
Physical channel(s)
Page29
E-DPDCH Spreading Code
N
max-dpdch
E-DPDCH
K
Spreading Code
0 E-DPDCH
1

C
ch,SF,SF/4
if SF >= 4
C
ch,2,1
if SF = 2
E-DPDCH
2
C
ch,4,1
if SF = 4
C
ch,2,1
if SF = 2
E-DPDCH
3
E-DPDCH
4

C
ch,4,1
1 E-DPDCH
1

C
ch,SF,SF/2
E-DPDCH
2

C
ch,4,2
if SF = 4
C
ch,2,1
if SF = 2
Page30
E-DPDCH I/Q Channel Mapping
E-DPDCH1
E-DPDCHK
E-DPCCH
.


.


.

Channelization
code
Gain factor

I + jQ
Scrambling
code
IQk
N
max-
dpdch

HS-DSCH
configured
E-DPDCH
K
IQ
k

0 NO/YES E-DPDCH
1
I
E-DPDCH
2
Q
E-DPDCH
3
I
E-DPDCH
4
Q
1 NO E-DPDCH
1
Q
E-DPDCH
2
I
1 YES E-DPDCH
1
I
E-DPDCH
2
Q
E-DPDCH
k
is mapped to I brand or
Q brand according to IQ
k.
E-DPCCH is always mapped to I
branch.
Page31
E-DPCCH
E-DPCCH is always transmitted on uplink
with E-DPDCH.
Always transmitted with E-DPDCH
simultaneously.
E-DPCCH includes:
RSN: Uplink HARQ transmission number
E-TFCI: E-DCH transport format combination
indicator
Happy Bit: for support of scheduling
Channelization code for E-DPCCH is C
ch,256,1
Always mapped to I branch
Page32
E-DPCCH Coding
Data in one E-DPCCH
subframe
RSN: 2 bits
E-TFCI: 7 bits
Happy bit: 1 bit
For 10ms TTI, the same
coded bit sequence is
transmitted in 5 sub-
frames.
Multiplexing
Channel Coding
Physical channel mapping
one E-DPCCH subframe
RSN E-TFCI Happy bit
10 bits
30 bits
Page33
E-DPCCH Coding (continued)
RSN bits in E-DPCCH are used to indicate the type of redundancy
version (RV) of each HARQ transmission and to aid in soft buffer
management at the NodeB.
RSN = 0: First transmission
RSN = 1: Second transmission
RSN = 2: Third transmission
RSN = 3: Additional transmission
RV selection rules:
UTRAN can configure the UE to use RV = 0 for all transmissions.
Or UTRAN can configure the UE to use RSN to change RV.
Page34
E-DPCCH & E-DPDCH Frame
Format
Slot 0 Slot 1 Slot 3 Slot i Slot 14
10 bits
Data, Ndata bits
1 subframe = 2ms
1 frame = 10ms
E-DPDCH
E-DPCCH
2560 chips
2560 chips, Ndata = 10*2
k
bits (k = 07)
Page35
E-AGCH
E-AGCH is a common downlink channel.
Fixed data rate: 30kbps
QPSK modulation
Spreading factor: 256
E-AGCH carries absolute grant for E-DCH for all UEs in the cell.
Transmission on E-AGCH can be 2ms or 10ms.
2ms if E-DCH TTI is 2ms
10ms if E-DCH TTI is 10ms
UE listens to the E-AGCH from the serving cell only.
Page36
E-AGCH Coding
Multiplexing
5 bits for the absolute grant values
1 bit (X
ags
) for the scope of the grant
CRC
16 bits CRC is masked with E-RNTI
E-RNTI is used to address UE.
Channel Coding
Rate 1/3 convolutional coding
Rate Matching
Puncturing to get 60 bits from 90 bits generated after
channel coding
Physical Channel Mapping
60 bits mapped to one subframe (20 bits per slot)
For 10ms TTI, same bits get repeated for all 5 subframe
Multiplexing
ID specific
CRC attachment
Channel coding
Rate matching
Physical channel
mapping
5 bits grant 1 bit scope
One E-AGCH subframe
6 bits
22 bits
90 bits
60 bits
Page37
E-AGCH Frame Format
Slot 0 Slot 1 Slot 3 Slot i Slot 14
20 bits
1 subframe = 2ms
1 frame = 10ms
E-AGCH
2560 chips
Page38
E-HICH
E-HICH is a dedicated downlink channel that carries HARQ ACK/NACK.
QPSK modulation
Spreading factor is 128 and the channelization code for E-HICH is same
with E-RGCH.
Transmitted from all cells in the E-DCH active set.
ACK/NACK is indicated using a binary indicator.
ACK is +1.
NACK from cells in serving E-DCH radio link set is -1.
NACK from cells not in serving E-DCH radio link set is 0 (DTX).
Page39
E-RGCH & E-HICH Coding
Same channelization code C
ch,128,k

Different signature sequences, C
ss,40,m(i)
and C
ss,40,n(i)
for slot i

S
/
p
Q
P
S
K

1/0/-1
(UP/HOLD/DOWN)
Css,40,m(i)
40 bits/slot
j
Cch,128,k
Scrambling
GRGCH
S
/
p
Q
P
S
K

1/(-1 or 0)
(ACK/NACK)
Css,40,n(i)
40 bits/slot
j
Cch,128,k
Scrambling
GHICH