09-ATM Pricinple-20090724-A

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
11.Dec,2006
HUAWEI Confdential
Sec!it" Le#el$ Internal Use Only
%%%% AT& '!inci(le
ISSUE2.0
Page 2
HUAWEI Confdential
The Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
prncple has do!nated the teleco!
net"or# for a long t!e as a !anstrea!
dataco! technology. $o"adays% the IP
technology pre&als o&er the teleco!
net"or#. It s t!e for us to un&el the ATM
prncple thoroughly.
Page '
HUAWEI Confdential
Upon the co!pleton of the course% you can(
)escr*e the ATM cell
Master the +P s"tchng and the +,

s"tchng
Master the ATM s"tchng
Master the ser&ce type of the ATM

Page -
HUAWEI Confdential
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 ATM Overview ATM Overview
Chapter 2 ATM Concepts Chapter 2 ATM Concepts
Chapter 3 ATM Protocol Stacks Chapter 3 ATM Protocol Stacks
Chapter 4 ATM Service and Properties Chapter 4 ATM Service and Properties
Page .
HUAWEI Confdential
What Is ATM?
ATM s an asynchronous transfer !ode "th cell as ts unt.

Asynchrons! ndcates that the nfor!aton or cell flo" fro! any
user needs not to *e perodcal.
ATM ntegrates the ad&antages of the crcut s"tchng and the pac#et
s"tchng. It carres &arous nfor!aton !eda and co!!uncaton
ser&ces n a sngle *ac#*one net"or#% guarantees /oS% and !eets
the needs of the real0t!e ser&ce and non0real t!e ser&ce.

Page 1
HUAWEI Confdential
)fferences 2et"een ATM% ,rcut S"tchng and
Pac#et S"tchng
,rcut S"tchng
,onnecton orented
T!eslot0orented s"tchng% lne resources

!onopol3aton
Pac#et S"tchng
,onnectonless orented
S"tchng pac#ets% sharng lne resources

ATM ( Asynchronous Transfer Mode
,onnecton orented
Pac#et s"tchng
Page 4
HUAWEI Confdential
S
e
t
u
p
S
e
t
u
p
S
e
t
u
p
S
e
t
u
p
Connectionle)) Net*o!+ and Connection,O!iented AT&
Net*o!+
,onnectonless net"or#
,onnectonless% seg!ent0*y0
seg!ent for"ardng
The pac#et s too long and of unf5ed

length.
The /oS of the net"or# cannot *e
guaranteed.
,onnecton0orented ATM net"or#
,onnecton orented% for"ardng at hgh

speed
The cell has a f5ed length a*out .'
*ytes
The /oS of the net"or# can *e
guaranteed.
Page 6
HUAWEI Confdential
Organ3atons for Esta*lshng the ATM Standards
ITU-T
A*sor*s tself n standard3ng ATM on the pu*lc net"or#. Its representat&e

standards nclude the /.27'89/.2748% 2ISUP% and I.180.
ATM or!"
A*sor*s tself n standard3ng ATM on the pr&ate net"or# and pro!otng the
ATM products and usage. Its representat&e standards nclude the U$I'.8%
U$I-.0% I:MI% P$$I% MPOA% +TOA% :A$E% and TM-.0.
I#T
A*sor*s tself n standard3ng the IP o&er ATM and sol&ng the *ottlenec# of
tradtonal routers. Its representat&e standards nclude the ;<,8-6'%
;<,8.44% IP S"tch% and MP:S.
Page 7
HUAWEI Confdential
Chapter 1 ATM Overview Chapter 1 ATM Overview
Page 80
HUAWEI Confdential
ATM ,ell Structure
$C
$eneric %low
control &onl' valid
in the U(I
inter%ace)
*PI+*CI
*irt!al path
identi%ier+virt!al
channel identi%ier
PT
Pa'load t'pe
C,P
Cell lose priorit'
-#C
-eader error
identi%ier
ATM U(I U(I Cell
ATM ((I ((I Cell
4.-/'te load 4.-/'te load
$C &4) $C &4)
*PI &.) *PI &.)
*CI &10) *CI &10)
PTI PTI C,P C,P
-#C -#C
4.-/'te load 4.-/'te load
*PI &12) *PI &12)
*CI &10) *CI &10)
PTI PTI C,P C,P
-#C -#C
Page 88
HUAWEI Confdential
The *PI and the *CI are onl' locall' valid1
ATM ,onnecton
*irt!al channel connection
*irt!al path connection
*P
switchin2
*C
switchin2
*C
switchin2
((I ((I
*PI 3 2
*CI 3 44
*PI 3 1
*CI 3 44
*PI 3 3
*CI 3 44
*PI 3 4
*CI 3 54
U(I
U(I
A
6 C 7
#
Page 82
HUAWEI Confdential
ATM virt!al channel connection &*CC)
A *P contains *Cs1 A *CC
contains *Ps1
*C is the lo2ical channel
/etween the ATM nodes1
*irt!al Channel &*C)
*irt!al channel *C
#3
OC-3
OC-12
*irt!al path &*P)
*irt!al path &*P)
The virt!al identi%ier *PI+*CI1
*P and *C
Page 8'
HUAWEI Confdential
*CI 1 *CI 2 *CI 3 *CI 4
*PI 2 *PI 2 *PI 3 *PI 3 *PI 1 *PI 1
*PI 2 *PI 2
*PI 3 *PI 3
*PI 5
*PI 1 *PI 1
*PI 4
Port 1
Port 2
Port 3
*CI 1
*CI 2
*CI 1
*CI 2
*P switchin2
*C switchin2
*CI 3
*CI 4
*CI 1
*CI 2
+P S"tchng and +, S"tchng
Page 8-
HUAWEI Confdential
ATM
Switching
ATM switchin2
P P
- -
8 8
A A
T T
M M
Port 3
P P
- -
8 8
A A
T T
M M
Port 4
Port Port *PI *PI *CI *CI
3 3 1 1 51 51
4 4 3 3 39 39
ATM la'er
ATM switchin2
P P
- -
8 8
A A
T T
M M
Port 1
P P
- -
8 8
A A
T T
M M
Port 2
Port Port *PI *PI *CI *CI
1 1 2 2 3: 3:
2 2 1 1 51 51
ATM la'er
P P
- -
8 8
A A
T T
M M
A A
A A
, ,
P P
- -
8 8
A A
T T
M M
A A
A A
, ,
*PI 3 2
*CI 3 3:
*PI 3 3
*CI 3 39
((I
U(I
U(I
Page 8.
HUAWEI Confdential
ATM ,onnecton Modes
P+, (per!anent &rtual channel)( The $MS sets up
P+,s. =hether any ser&ce passes or any
ter!nal de&ce s accessed% the P+,s are
al"ays ena*led tll they are released *y $MS.
P+,s are >ust l#e lease lnes n the telephony
net"or#.
S+, (s"tchng &rtual channel) S+,s are set up and
released *y sgnalng. They are >ust l#e su*scr*er
lnes n the telephony net"or#.
Page 81
HUAWEI Confdential
Page 84
HUAWEI Confdential
;eference Model of ATM Stac#s
3 planes; !ser plane< control plane< and "ana2e"ent plane
3 la'ers; ph'sical la'er< ATM la'er< and ATM adaptation la'er
Upper la'er
Upper la'er
ATM la'er
Ph'sical la'er
Control plane
User plane
Mana2e"ent plane
ATM adaptation la'er
,a'er-"ana2e"ent
Plane-"ana2e"ent
Page 86
HUAWEI Confdential
<unctons of the ATM :ayers
Conver2ence s!/la'er
Se2"entation and reasse"/l' cells
AA,
$eneric tra%%ic control
or" and pick !p cell headers
Interpret the *PI+*CI o% cells
M!ltiple= and de"!ltiple= cells
ATM
la'er
7eco!ple the cell rate< %or"+check the -#C se>!ence<
deli"itate cells< adapt+%or"+ restore the trans"ission %ra"es1
6it ti"in2< ph'sical "edia1
*oice cells *ideo cells 7ata cells
Ph'sical
la'er
TC
PM
SA?
CS
Page 87
HUAWEI Confdential
AA: Types and 20IS)$ Ser&ce
*oice< video and
circ!it e"!lation
service
Packet video
7ata
Application
ATM
service
AA, T'pe 1 T'pe 2 T'pe 3+4

T'pe 5
ATM la'er
Ph'sical la'er
ATM
network
Page 20
HUAWEI Confdential
<lo" for Processng the ATM ,ells
*oice< video< data< and i"a2es
AA, ATM
ATM cell
Trans"ission
processin2
ATM cell
ATM cell
ra"e header
and overhead
Ph'sical "edi!"
processin2
ra"e to /e trans"itted
Ph'sical inter%ace
Page 28
HUAWEI Confdential
AA,
ATM
P-
IP
?C14.3
AA,
ATM
P-
#thernet
?C14.3
)ata Ser&ce on the ATM $et"or#
;<,8-6'2 encapsulaton
;<,8-6'; encapsulaton
Page 22
HUAWEI Confdential
Page 2'
HUAWEI Confdential
ATM Ser&ce Types
Constant /it rate &C6?)
Constant /it rate service
*aria/le /it rate-real ti"e &rt-*6?)
*aria/le /it rate-real ti"e service
*6?-non real ti"e &nrt-*6?)
*6?-non real ti"e service
Unspeci%ied /it rate &U6?)
Unspeci%ied /it rate service
Availa/le /it rate &A6?)
Availa/le /it rate service
Page 2-
HUAWEI Confdential
T!a-c
'a!a.ete!)
PC? Peak cell rate
SC? S!staina/le cell rate
MC? Mini"!" cell rate
M6S Ma=i"!" /!rst si@e
Page 2.
HUAWEI Confdential
,2; Ser&ce
Overhead
AoS Tra%%ic para"eter
,ow -i2h
Tolerance
1 /'te
5-/'te header
4:-/'te pa'load
Cell variation
Cell loss
PC?
?eal ti"e video and voice
Page 21
HUAWEI Confdential
+2; Ser&ce
,ow -i2h
Tolerance
Cell variation &(?T)
Cell variation &?T)
PC?
SC?
M6S
Cell loss
Packet voice and video
Page 24
HUAWEI Confdential
U2; Ser&ce
P!/lic BA(
,ow -i2h
(o 2!arant' o% AoS
Tolerance
Cell loss
Cell variation
Page 26
HUAWEI Confdential
A2; Ser&ce
,A(
Overhead
1 (o cell
overhead
1 Uses
con2estion
%eed/ack
instead
5-/'te
header
4.-/'te
pa'load
,ow -i2h
PC?
MC?
Tolerance
Cell loss Cell variation
Page 27
HUAWEI Confdential
/uestons
=hat are the functons of each *yte n the ATM cell header?
@o" does the ATM s"tch s"tches the ATM cells
=hat ser&ces can the AA:8 and the AA:. adapt respect&ely
=hat pac#ets do the ;<,8-6'2 and the ;<,8-6'; protocol encapsulate

respect&ely
***./a*ei.co.

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

)escr*e the ATM cell

Master the +P s"tchng and the +,

Master the ATM s"tchng

Master the ser&ce type of the ATM

ATM s an asynchronous transfer !ode "th cell as ts unt.

T!eslot0orented s"tchng% lne resources

S"tchng pac#ets% sharng lne resources

The pac#et s too long and of unf5ed

,onnecton orented% for"ardng at hgh

Asors tself n standard3ng ATM on the pu*lc net"or#. Its representat&e

AA, T'pe 1 T'pe 2 T'pe 3+4

@o" does the ATM s"tch s"tches the ATM cells

=hat pac#ets do the ;<,8-6'2 and the ;<,8-6'; protocol encapsulate

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