DEPARTMENT OF

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

M.L.V. TEXTILE & ENGINEERING COLLEGE BHILWARA


5EC COMMUNICATION LAB-I
Incharge:-Mr. Ritesh Saraswat
T.A.:- Pankaj Parul


LIST OF EXPERIMENT
First Rotor
1. Harmonic analysis of a square wave of a modulated
waveform.
2.Observe the amplitude modulated waveform &
measure modulation index. Demodulation of AM signal.
3. Generation and demodulation of DSB-SC signal.
4. Modulate a signal with high frequency carrier to
obtain FM signal. Demodulation of the FM signal.
5. To observe the following in a transmission line
demonstration kit:
(a)The propagation of pulse in non reflecting
transmission line.
(b) The effect of lose in transmission line

Second Rotor
(c) transmission with standing waves on a transmission
line
(d) the resonance characteristic of a half wave length
long X-mission line
6. (a) To observe the operation of sampling and sample &
hold circuit.
(b) To study the effect of sampling time.
(c) To study the effect of changing the sampling
frequency & observing aliasing phenomena.
7. To study and observe the operation of a super
heterodyne receiver.
8. To study and observe the amplitude response of
automatic gain controller(AGC).
9,10. PAM,PWM &PPM: modulation and demodulation.



Way Of Report Writing
Object/Aim
Required Material
Circuit/Block Diagram
Theory Description
Procedure
Observation
Calculation & Error
Graph
Result
Precautions

Pre-Lab 1
What is the meaning of spectrum analyser and
harmonic analyser?

How we can remove harmonic from frequency
Spectrum?

Compare harmonic analyser & spectrum analyser
of a square waveform of a modulated signal
waveform?






Experiment:-1
Object:- Harmonic analysis of a square wave of a
modulated waveform.
Apparatus Required:-
1 BNC Probe
1 Function Generator
1 Spectrum Analyzer
Qty. Name
Theory:-About Spectrum Analyzer, frequency
Measurement & Video filtering

Procedure:-
Circuit Diagram:-

Observations:-Input frequency (MHz), scan width
(MHz/Div) & Attenuation (db)

Graph:-






Result:-
Precautions:-

Pre-lab 2
Define modulation index & derive its expression &
draw the waveform in case of over modulation and
under modulation?

Draw the AM waveform & derive the expression of
power & AM signal waveform?

Explain various types of AM signal?
Experiment-2
Object:- Observe the amplitude modulated
waveform & measure modulation index.
Demodulation of AM signal.

Apparatus Required:-



2 DSO Probe
1 DSO
6 Connecting Leads
1 AM Receiver kit
1 AM Transmission kit
Qty. Name
Theory:- About- Amplitude modulation, AM
Transmitter & Receiver.

Procedure:- According to manual

Circuit/Block Diagram
:-








Audio
Oscillator
Carrier
Wave
Generator
Modulator
Out Put
Amplifier
Antenna
Information
signal
Carrier
Wave
AM Transmission System
RF Amplifier Mixer
Local
Oscillator
IF Amplifier
Diode
Detector
Audio
Amplifier
Antenna

AM Receiver System
O/P Signal
Observations:-
For Base Band Signal - I/p audio frquency,voltage
(p-p)
For Modulated Signal - V
max
,V
min
& Frequency
For Demodulated Signal-Frequency & Voltage


Graph:-

Amplitude modulation model graph
Amplitude Demodulation Waveform
Result:-
Precautions:-

Pre-lab 3
Compare DSB-SC with DSB-FC and SSB-FC?

Draw the DSB-SC waveform:
case(1) m<1
case(2) m>1

Explain the demodulation process of DSB-SC
signal?

Experiment:-3
Object:- Generation and demodulation of DSB-SC signal.
Apparatus Required:-
2 DSO Probe
1 DSO
6 Connecting Leads
1 AM Receiver kit
1 AM Transmission kit
Qty. Name
Theory:- About- Amplitude modulation ,DSB-
SC,SSB-SC signal, AM Transmitter & Receiver.

Procedure:- According to manual

Circuit/Block Diagram
:-








Audio
Oscillator
Carrier
Wave
Generator
Modulator
Out Put
Amplifier
Antenna
Information
signal
Carrier
Wave
AM Transmission System
RF Amplifier Mixer
Local
Oscillator
IF Amplifier
Diode
Detector
Audio
Amplifier
Antenna

AM Receiver System
O/P Signal
Graph:-
Result:-
Precautions:-

Pre-lab 4
What is the difference b/w AM and FM?

Explain any one generation method of FM signal?

Compare frequency modulation with phase
modulated signal?



Experiment:-4
Object:- Modulate a signal with high frequency
carrier to obtain FM signal. Demodulation of the FM
signal.

Apparatus Required:-
7 Connecting Leads
2 DSO Probe
1 DSO
1 FM Transmission &
Receiver kit
Qty. Name
Theory:- About Frequency Modulation &
Demodulation

Procedure:- As per manual
Circuit/Block Diagram:-









Audio Oscillator
Carrier Generator
FM Modulator
O/p Amplifier
Antenna
Information signal

Carrier Wave

FM Transmission System
RF
Amplifier
Mixer IF Amplifier
Demodulat
or
Amplifier
Speaker
FM Receiver System
Antenna
Local Oscillator
Observation:-
For Base Band Signal - I/p audio frequency &
voltage (p-p)
For Modulated Signal - voltage & Frequency
For Demodulated Signal-Frequency & Voltage

Graph:-

Result:-
Precautions:-

Pre-lab 5
Explain the following term:
(1) standing wave ratio
(2) reflection coefficient

Explain diff. Type of loses in transmission line?

Derive the expression of characteristic
impedance of zo of transmission line?


Experiment:-5
Object:- To observe the following in a transmission line
demonstration kit:
(a)The propagation of pulse in non reflecting transmission
line.
(b) The effect of lose in transmission line
(c) transmission with standing waves on a transmission line
(d) the resonance characteristic of a half wave length long X-
mission line

Apparatus Required:-
1 BNC to BNC
2 DSO Probe
1 Multimeter
8 Connecting leads
1 DSO
1 Transmission Line Trainer
Qty. Name
Experiment:-5
Theory:- About Transmission Line & Different
types of losses in it
Procedure:-
Circuit Diagram:-
Observations:-


Graph:-
Result:-
Precautions:-

Pre-lab 6
Explain sampling theorem with suitable diagram
and expression of Nyquist rate?

What is the meaning of aliasing and how we can
remove it?

Explain the operation of sample and hold ckt ?



Experiment:-6
Object:- (a) To observe the operation of
sampling and sample & hold circuit.
(b) To study the effect of sampling time.
(c) To study the effect of changing the sampling
frequency & observing aliasing phenomena.

Apparatus Required:-
5 Connecting leads
2 DSO Probe
1 DSO
1 Sampling trainer kit
Qty. Name
Theory:- about sampling theorem
Procedure:-
Circuit Diagram:-
Observations:- Voltage & frequency

Graph:-
Result:-
Precautions:-

Pre-lab 7
Draw the block diagram of Super Heterodyne
Receiver and explain its each block?

Compare SHR with TRF receiver?

Explain the following:
(1) Sensitivity
(2) Selectivity
(3) IF


Experiment:-7
Object:- To study and observe the operation of a
super heterodyne receiver.

Apparatus Required:-
4 Connecting leads
1 Multimeter
2 CRO Probe
1 CRO
1 Super heterodyne
receiver kit
Qty. Name
Theory:-
Procedure:-
Circuit Diagram:-





Observations:- Fault Finding at different points

Graph:-
Result:-
Precautions:-

Pre-lab 8
What is the purpose of AGC and explain its
working?

What is difference between AGC and AFC?


Experiment:-8
Object:- To study and observe the amplitude
response of automatic gain controller(AGC).

Apparatus Required:-
4 Connecting leads
1 Function generator
2 CRO Probe
1 CRO
1 AGC Trainer kit
Qty. Name
Theory:-
Procedure:-
Circuit Diagram:-
Observations:- Voltage & frequency


Sr.
no
Graph:-
Result:-
Precautions:-

Pre-lab 9
How we can generate PPM from PWM?

Compare PPM with PAM , PWM?

Explain demodulation process of PWM?

Explain the generation method of PAM and PWM?
Experiment:-9
Object:- PAM,PWM &PPM: modulation and
demodulation

Apparatus Required:-
Theory:-
Procedure:-
Circuit Diagram:-
Observations:-

Graph:-







Result:-
Precautions:-