BIO1414 - Human A & P II

Heart, Blood Pressure & Hematology

Lab
Oklahoma City Community College
Professor Steve Kash
Lab Exam Objective 1
Given heart models & preserved heart
specimens, identify these structures:
Right Atrium & Auricle
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium & Auricle
Left Ventricle
Ascending Aorta & Aortic Arch
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Left Common Carotid & Left Subclavian Arteries
Pulmonary Trunk
Right & Left Pulmonary Arteries
Right & Left Pulmonary Veins
Apex
Superior & Inferior Vena Cava

Lab Exam Objective 1 continued
Given heart models & preserved heart
specimens, identify these structures:
Coronary Sinus & Sulcus
Interatrial & Interventricular Septum
Epicardium (Visceral Pericardium)
Endocardium & Myocardium
Parietal Pericardium (Pericardial Sac)
Tricuspid (Right Atrioventricular) Valve
Bicuspid (Mitral) (Left Atrioventricular) Valve
Aortic & Pulmonary Semilunar Valves
Trabeculae Carneae
Chordae Tendineae
Papillary & Pectinate Muscles
Anterior & Posterior Interventricular Sulcus
Ligamentum Arteriosum & Fossa Ovalis
Lab Exam Objective 1 continued
Given heart models & preserved heart
specimens, identify these structures:
R. Coronary Artery (RCA)
- Marginal Branch of RCA
- Posterior Interventricular Branch of RCA
L. Coronary Artery (LCA)
- Anterior Interventricular Branch of LCA
- Circumflex Branch of LCA
- Marginal Branch of LCA
Great Cardiac Vein
Posterior Interventricular (Middle Cardiac) Vein
L. Marginal Vein
Anterior Heart
Posterior Heart
Anterior
Heart
Vessels
Posterior
Heart
Vessels
Aortic
Branches
Heart
(Section)
Heart Model Anterior View
Left Pulmonary
Artery
Left Pulmonary
Vein
Ascending Aorta
Great Cardiac Vein
Anterior
Interventricular
Coronary Artery
Superior Vena Cava
Aortic Arch
Pulmonary Trunk
Apex
Right Auricle
Right Ventricle
Left Auricle
Left Ventricle
Heart Model Posterior View
R. Pulmonary Artery
R. Pulmonary Vein
Aortic Arch
Posterior
Interventricular Cardiac
Vein
Posterior
Interventricular
Coronary Artery
Superior Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus Inferior Vena Cava
Great Cardiac Vein
L. Marginal Cardiac
Vein
L. Pulmonary Artery
L. Pulmonary Vein
Apex
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Left Atrium
Heart Model Frontal View
Left Atrium
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Papillary Muscle
Chordae Tendineae
Left Ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Chordae Tendineae
Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Septum
Preserved Heart Anterior View
Left Auricle
Left Ventricle
Right Auricle
Right Ventricle
Apex
Pulmonary Trunk
Aorta
Interventricular
Sulcus
Preserved Heart Posterior View
Right Auricle
Right Ventricle
Left Auricle
Left Ventricle
Apex
Aorta
Pulmonary Trunk
Left Atrium
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus
Preserved Heart Frontal View
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Auricle
Right Ventricle
Endocardium
Epicardium
(visceral
pericardium)
Myocardium
Septum
Ascending
Aorta
Preserved Heart Frontal View
Left Atrium
Bicuspid
(Mitral)
Valve
Right Auricle
Right Ventricle
Papillary Muscle
Chordae
Tendineae
Left Ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Chordae Tendineae
Ascending
Aorta
Aortic Semilunar
Valve
Lab Exam Objective 2
Using lab models & a preserved heart,
trace the flow of blood in the heart by
listing in sequence the structures that the
blood will pass through; identify the type
of blood (O
2
orO
2
and CO
2
orCO
2
) that
is passing through each structure.
3. Right Ventricle
2. Tricuspid
Valve
1. Right Atrium
Circulation
of O
2
/ CO
2
blood: heart
to lungs
4. Pulmonary
Semilunar
Valve
5. Pulmonary
Trunk
6. To Lungs via
Pulmonary Arteries
11. Aortic
Semilunar
Valve (not
shown)
12. Aorta
Circulation
of O
2
/ CO
2
blood: lungs
to heart
9. Bicuspid
(Mitral) Valve
8. Left Atrium
7. From Lungs via
Pulmonary Veins
10. Left
Ventricle
Heart Circulation Summary
Superior & Inferior
Vena Cava
RA
Tricuspid Valve
RV
Pulmonary Semilunar
Valve
Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Arteries
Lungs
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
LA
Bicuspid (Mitral)
Valve
LV
Aortic Semilunar
Valve
Aorta
Lab Exam Objective 3
Know the normal values for blood
pressure (including the units) & use of
the terms systolic & diastolic
pressures.
Terms, Definitions & Units
Blood Pressure - force against arterial
walls per unit of area in mmHg
Systolic Pressure - highest arterial
pressure (averages 120 mmHg)
Diastolic Pressure - lowest arterial
pressure (averages 80 mmHg)
Lab Exam Objective 4
Given a blood pressure reading, calculate &
explain Pulse Pressure (PP) & Mean Arterial
Pressure (MAP).
Pulse Pressure (PP)
PP = Systolic Pressure Diastolic Pressure
Example: if a patients blood pressure =
140/80 mmHg
Then: 140 80 = 60 mmHg
PP represents the difference between the
highest pressure & the lowest pressure
during the entire cardiac cycle
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
MAP = Diastolic Pressure + PP
If: BP = 140/80 mmHg
Then: 80 + (60) = 100 mmHg
MAP represents the average arterial
pressure during the entire cardiac cycle
Lab Exam Objective 5
Describe the procedure for taking blood
pressure, including the artery measured &
the functions of the sphygmomanometer &
stethoscope.
BLOOD PRESSURE LAB
STETHOSCOPE
SPHYGMOMANOMETER
SPHYGMOMANOMETER

Sphygmomanometer
Gauge

STETHOSCOPE


No Sounds of Korotkoff
1
st
Sounds of
Korotkoff
Sounds
Continue
Last Korotkoff Sounds
First & Last Sounds of Korotkoff
Sounds of Korotkoff
Blood Pressure Summary
BP is measured by auscultation (listening)
at the brachial artery using a stethoscope
No sound is heard during laminar blood
flow (normal, quiet, smooth blood flow)
Increasing cuff pressure, constricts
(closes) the brachial artery, preventing
blood flow (no sounds)
As air pressure in the cuff is lowered, the
brachial artery partially opens, creating
turbulent blood flow (heard as the sounds
of Korotkoff)
Blood Pressure Summary continued
1
st
Korotkoff sound is heard at the
systolic pressure value (cuff pressure =
systolic pressure)
When air pressure in the cuff is lower
than the diastolic pressure, turbulent flow
(sounds) disappears
The last Korotkoff sound is heard at the
diastolic pressure value (cuff pressure =
diastolic pressure)
Lab Exam Objective 6
Relate the effects of body position &
exercise on blood pressure, heart rate
& pulse pressure.
Systolic Pressure
Remains fairly constant in spite of body
position changes
Systolic pressure: caused by LV peak
ejection pressure
Diastolic Pressure
Diastolic pressure is affected by gravity &
tends to not remain constant when body
position changes
Diastolic pressure: caused by elastic
recoil of the brachial artery wall
If the arm is positioned below the heart
level, diastolic pressure may increase
If the arm is positioned above the heart
level, diastolic pressure may decrease
Lab Exam Objective 7
Define hematocrit & describe how
hematocrit is obtained; interpret
hematocrit results & compare them to
normal male & normal female values.
Hematocrit
Heparinized Capillary Tube
Sheep Blood
Critoseal
Centrifuge
Hematocrit Reader Card
Critoseal & Capillary Tubes
Sheep Blood
Critoseal & Capillary Tubes
Centrifuge
Centrifuge
Capillary Tube Position
CRITOSEAL END
Centrifuged Blood
Hematocrit Reader Card
Hematocrit Reader Card
Normal Hematocrit Values
Male: 42 - 52% Female: 37 - 48%
Lab Exam Objective 8
Describe the procedure for typing
human blood & interpret human blood
typing results.
Blood Typing
Blood typing tray
Typing blood vials
Anti-A antisera (antibodies)
Anti-B antisera (antibodies)
Mixing stick
Blood Typing Tray
Blood Typing Blood Vials
Blood Typing Antisera Vials
Blood Typing
Clumping
Reaction
Lab Exam Objective 9
Using a microscope, textbook & lab
materials, identify erythrocytes (RBCs),
leukocytes (WBCs), & thrombocytes
(platelets); know the normal male &
female values for each.
Blood Cell Identifications
Prepared Blood Slide
Microscope
Oil Immersion
White Blood Cell Identification
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Blood Sample Quiz
Normal WBC Values
Granulocytes:
Neutrophils = 60 -
70%
Eosinophils = 2 - 4%
Basophils = 0.5 - 1%
Agranulocytes:
Lymphocytes = 25 -
33%
Monocytes = 3 - 8%
Lab Exam Review
KNOW THESE FOR THE BLOOD PORTION OF THE LAB
EXAM:
WBC, RBC, & PLATELET ID & NORMAL RANGES (%)
GENERAL BLOOD LAB PROCEDURES
DEVICE NAMES: HEMATOCRIT READER CARD, ETC.
NORMAL HEMATOCRIT %
RECOGNIZE: ANTIGEN/ANTIBODY
(AGGLUTINATION) REACTIONS
DETERMINE BLOOD TYPE BASED ON AN
AGGLUTINATION PATTERN
BIO1414 LAB EXERCISE ONE & TWO
DISPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS

BIOHAZARD DISPOSAL CONTAINERS:
- Blood contaminated toothpicks
- Blood contaminated gloves
- Blood contaminated plastic typing trays
SHARPS DISPOSAL CONTAINERS:
- Glass capillary tubes
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Place dissected hearts back into the tubs in the sinks
Do not put uncontaminated gloves or dissected hearts
into Biohazard containers
Clean & disinfect lab table surfaces with paper towels by
spraying them with Amphyl solution & place used paper
towels into the regular trash containers
BIO1414 - Heart, BP & Hematology Lab - END